* Corresponding Author
Representasi Perempuan: Peran Legislator dalam Memperkuat Ketahanan Sosial dan Demokrasi di Kota Cilegon
https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.116972 Ika Arinia Indriyany(1*), Ratu Inayah(2), Delila Putri Sadayi(3)
(1) Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
(2)
(3) Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat lebih lanjut keterpilihan legislator perempuan pada Pemilihan Legislatif 2024 di Kota Cilegon termasuk memotret tantangan dan hambatan yang ditemui di tengah pusaran demokrasi lokal yang maskulin. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh minimnya representasi perempuan yang duduk di kursi lembaga perwakilan. Kota Cilegon sendiri sebagai lokus riset pada periode 2019 dan 2024 hanya 4 dari 40 kursi (10%) yang berjenis kelamin perempuan. Representasi perempuan merupakan indikator penting menunjukkan sejauh mana demokrasi inklusif berjalan. Isu ini berkorelasi dengan lahirnya keberpihakan kebijakan publik pada isu perempuan dan anak. Meskipun sudah terdapat kebijakan afirmasi melalui UU Pemilu berupa partai politik harus mencalonkan perempuan minimal 30%, angka ini tidak selaras dengan angka keterpilihan perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan multiple case study dimana peneliti membandingkan pola keterpilihan pada 2 (dua) legislator. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam pada legislator terpilih, pengurus partai, dan aktor kunci lain yang paham dinamika politik lokal di Cilegon. Metode ini diilih karena akan mampu melihat secara komprehensif proses keterpilihan legislator perempuan dan tantangan dalam membawa agenda representasi substantif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterpilihan legislator perempuan di Cilegon tidak semata ditentukan oleh adanya kebijakan afirmasi pencalonan. Keteprilihan legislator perempuan ditentukan oleh kombinasi rekam jejak kerja, kedekatan dengan konstituen, pengabdian pada masyarakat, jejaring sosial, serta kemampuan kandidat untuk menavigasi norma politik yang maskulin. Perempuan dengan perolehan suara tertnggi yaitu Qoidatul Sitta (3.368 suara) dan Abadiah (3.109 suara) menunjukkan bahwa legitimasi politik dirinya sebagai perempuan dibangun oleh kepercayaan publik, integritas, pengalaman sosial dan ikatan dengan masyaakat. Partai politik sebagai aktor intermediary memainkan peran yang strategis sebagai penyangga institusional melalui proses kaderisasi, strategi pemenangan dan kampanye calon. Kesimpulannya, keterpilihan legislator perempuan di Kota Cilegon menunjukkan bahwa demokrasi lokal tidak hanya berfokus pada representasi deskriptif. Persoalan representasi substantif berupa etika kerja dan integritas juga merupakan persoalan penting Representasi perempuan yang substansial berkontribusi pada tata kelola yang lebih inklusif, setara, dan berkeadilan serta memperkuat ketahanan sosial melalui lembaga-lembaga lokal, kohesi sosial, dan kebutuhan akan legitimasi politik.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aaldering, L. and Van Der Pas, D.J. (2020) “Political Leadership in the Media: Gender Bias in Leader Stereotypes during Campaign and Routine Times,” British Journal of Political Science, 50(3), pp. 911–931. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000795.
Abou-Shouk, M.A., Mannaa, M.T. and Elbaz, A.M. (2021) “Women’s empowerment and tourism development: A cross-country study,” Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, p. 100782. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100782.
Ahmad, N. and Thorpe, H. (2020) “Muslim Sportswomen as Digital Space Invaders: Hashtag Politics and Everyday Visibilities,” Communication & Sport, 8(4–5), pp. 668–691. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479519898447.
Andriyani, L. et al. (2021) “Relasi Kuasa Elit Lokal Dan Pemerintah Lokal Dalam Penangan Konflik Sosial Paska Pilkada Dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Sosial,” Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 27(1), p. 39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.61155.
Aspinall, E., White, S. and Savirani, A. (2021) “Women’s Political Representation in Indonesia: Who Wins and How?,” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 40(1), pp. 3–27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103421989720.
Bagues, M. and Campa, P. (2021) “Can gender quotas in candidate lists empower women? Evidence from a regression discontinuity design,” Journal of Public Economics, 194, p. 104315. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104315.
Barnes, T.D., Beaulieu, E. and Saxton, G.W. (2020) “Sex and corruption: how sexism shapes voters’ responses to scandal,” Politics, Groups, and Identities, 8(1), pp. 103–121. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2018.1441725.
Bellani, L. and Hidalgo-Hidalgo, M. (2025) “Bridging the gender gap: Women’s education and political representation,” Economics of Education Review, 104, p. 102605. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102605.
Bernardez-Rodal, A., Rey, P.R. and Franco, Y.G. (2022) “Radical right parties and anti-feminist speech on Instagram: Vox and the 2019 Spanish general election,” Party Politics, 28(2), pp. 272–283. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068820968839.
Bernhard, R., Shames, S. and Teele, D.L. (2021) “To Emerge? Breadwinning, Motherhood, and Women’s Decisions to Run for Office,” American Political Science Review, 115(2), pp. 379–394. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000970.
Bjarnegård, E. and Zetterberg, P. (2022) “How Autocrats Weaponize Women’s Rights,” Journal of Democracy, 33(2), pp. 60–75. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2022.0018.
Bush, S.S. and Zetterberg, P. (2021) “Gender Quotas and International Reputation,” American Journal of Political Science, 65(2), pp. 326–341. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12557.
Chatterjee, S. (2021) “The ‘Good Indian Queer Woman’ and the Family: Politics of Normativity and Travails of (Queer) Representation,” South Asian Popular Culture, 19(2), pp. 177–192. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2021.1940549.
Clayton, A. (2021) “How Do Electoral Gender Quotas Affect Policy?,” Annual Review of Political Science, 24(1), pp. 235–252. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102019.
Courtney, M. et al. (2020) “Underrepresenting Reality? Media Coverage of Women in Politics and Sport,” Social Science Quarterly, 101(4), pp. 1282–1302. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12826.
Creswell, J.W. and Creswell, J.D. (2018) Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. fifth. United State of America: SAGE Publications.
Dahlum, S., Knutsen, C.H. and Mechkova, V. (2022) “Women’s political empowerment and economic growth,” World Development, 156, p. 105822. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105822.
Doerr, N. (2021) “The Visual Politics of the Alternative for Germany (AfD): Anti-Islam, Ethno-Nationalism, and Gendered Images,” Social Sciences, 10(1), p. 20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10010020.
Gilardi, F. et al. (2022) “Social Media and Political Agenda Setting,” Political Communication, 39(1), pp. 39–60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2021.1910390.
Gulzar, S. (2021) “Who Enters Politics and Why?,” Annual Review of Political Science, 24(1), pp. 253–275. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051418-051214.
Gwiazda, A. (2021) “Right-wing populism and feminist politics: The case of Law and Justice in Poland,” International Political Science Review, 42(5), pp. 580–595. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512120948917.
Håkansson, S. (2021) “Do Women Pay a Higher Price for Power? Gender Bias in Political Violence in Sweden,” The Journal of Politics, 83(2), pp. 515–531. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1086/709838.
Hessami, Z. and da Fanseca, M.L. (2020) “Female Political Representation and Substantive Effects on Policies: A Literature Review,” European Journal of Political Economy, 63. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101896.
Hessami, Z. and da Fonseca, M.L. (2020) “Female political representation and substantive effects on policies: A literature review,” European Journal of Political Economy, 63, p. 101896. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101896.
Indriyany, I.A. et al. (2025) “In women we trust: female brokers in Indonesian village governance,” South East Asia Research, 33(1), pp. 105–121. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0967828X.2025.2483923.
Indriyany, I.A. and Godjali, M.R. (2023) “Portrait of Gender and Development in Village Area, do They Shape Inclusivity?,” Journal of Governance, 8(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.31506/jog.v8i4.22204.
Karubi, N.P. and Wasudawan, K. (2020) “Gender, Political Participation and Representation: The Nigeria Story,” Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, pp. 17–28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2020/v9i430252.
Krook, M.L. and Restrepo Sanín, J. (2020) “The Cost of Doing Politics? Analyzing Violence and Harassment against Female Politicians,” Perspectives on Politics, 18(3), pp. 740–755. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592719001397.
Lowndes, V. (2020) “How Are Political Institutions Gendered?,” Political Studies, 68(3), pp. 543–564. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719867667.
Magni, G. and Reynolds, A. (2021) “Voter Preferences and the Political Underrepresentation of Minority Groups: Lesbian, Gay, and Transgender Candidates in Advanced Democracies,” The Journal of Politics, 83(4), pp. 1199–1215. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1086/712142.
Van der Pas, D.J. and Aaldering, L. (2020) “Gender Differences in Political Media Coverage: A Meta-Analysis,” Journal of Communication, 70(1), pp. 114–143. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz046.
Ph.D, Z.J., Ph.D, O.B. and Ed.D, A.D.M.Ph.D., (2025) “Breaking Glass Ceilings In Mongolia And Southeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis Of Female Representation In Cabinet Positions And The Strategies For Future Advancement,” International Journal of Environmental Sciences, pp. 797–810. Available at: https://doi.org/10.64252/yq9mpq70.
Pitkin, H.F. (1967) The Concept of Representation. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Prasad Mohapatra, B., Desai, U. and Pawar, A. (2023) “Does Gender Based Representation Matters in Fostering Political Inclusion of Women in Local Governments? A Case of India,” SocioEconomic Challenges, 7(3), pp. 63–75. Available at: https://doi.org/10.61093/sec.7(3).63-75.2023.
Prusaczyk, E. and Hodson, G. (2020) “The Roles of Political Conservatism and Binary Gender Beliefs in Predicting Prejudices Toward Gay Men and People Who Are Transgender,” Sex Roles, 82(7–8), pp. 438–446. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019-01069-1.
Pullen, A. and Vachhani, S. (2023) “Feminist Ethics and Women Leaders: From Difference to Intercorporeality,” in, pp. 63–81. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24445-2_4.
Ramadhan, G. and Indriyany, I.A. (2022) “POTRET REPRESENTASI GERAKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MENDORONG KETAHANAN PANGAN DI PROVINSI BANTEN,” 7(2), pp. 43–58.
Ramstetter, L. and Habersack, F. (2020) “Do women make a difference? Analysing environmental attitudes and actions of Members of the European Parliament,” Environmental Politics, 29(6), pp. 1063–1084. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2019.1609156.
Robinson, A.L. and Gottlieb, J. (2021) “How to Close the Gender Gap in Political Participation: Lessons from Matrilineal Societies in Africa,” British Journal of Political Science, 51(1), pp. 68–92. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123418000650.
Saggar, S. (2024) Race and representation. Manchester University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526184085.
Schwarz, S. and Coppock, A. (2022) “What Have We Learned about Gender from Candidate Choice Experiments? A Meta-Analysis of Sixty-Seven Factorial Survey Experiments,” The Journal of Politics, 84(2), pp. 655–668. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1086/716290.
Shim, J. (2021) “Gender Politics and Legislative Networks in Taiwan: An Analysis of Women-Bill Co-Sponsorship and Bill Success,” Parliamentary Affairs, 74(3), pp. 639–661. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsz050.
Suhirmanto, S., Pramesti2, E.S. and Samudra, F.B. (2025) “Hubungan Program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Dan Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga Melalui Partisipasi Anggota KWT Di Desa Ngembal Kecamatan Tutur Kabupaten Pasuruan,” Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 31(2), p. 234. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.109502.
Sulastri, E. et al. (2020) “Pertarungan Perempuan Dalam Demokrasi Dunia Politik Untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Sosial Politik Di DKI Jakarta,” Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 26(3), p. 308. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.61152.
Sulistiani, S. and Indriyany, I.A. (2024a) “Ecofeminism: Women’s Resistance to the Development of a Geothermal Power Plant Project in Padarincang, Serang Regency,” Government & Resilience, 2(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.62503/gr.v2i2.19.
Sulistiani, S. and Indriyany, I.A. (2024b) “Gender and Social Construction in Local Government: A Experience from Regent of Lebak Regency, Indonesia,” Government & Resilience, 2(1), pp. 58–72. Available at: https://doi.org/10.62503/gr.v2i1.14.
Susanti, E. (2022) “Peran Perempuan Pesisir Terhadap Ketahanan Keluarga Pasca Bencana Alam Gempa Bumi Di Desa Maliaya, Kabupaten Majene Tahun 2021,” Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 27(3), p. 417. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.70466.
Thomsen, D.M. and King, A.S. (2020) “Women’s Representation and the Gendered Pipeline to Power,” American Political Science Review, 114(4), pp. 989–1000. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000404.
Townsend, C. V (2021) “Identity politics: Why African American women are missing in administrative leadership in public higher education,” Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(4), pp. 584–600. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220935455.
Tripp, A.M. (2023) “War, Revolution, and the Expansion of Women’s Political Representation,” Politics & Gender, 19(3), pp. 922–927. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X2200037X.
Utami, W.K. and Indriyany, I.A. (2024) “Gender Responsive Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Analysis through Flamboyan Climate Group in Tangerang City,” ijd-demos, 6(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.37950/ijd.v6i3.508.
Xydias, C. (2023) “Why Theorizing and Measuring Shared Experience in Descriptive Representation Is ‘A Mess Worth Making,’” Politics & Gender, 19(4), pp. 1239–1244. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X22000551.
Yamada, A. (2024) “Gender Representation and Policy Implementation: Is it Women or the Left Wing that Increases the Childcare Supply?,” Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 31(3), pp. 558–585. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxae005.
Yin, R.K. (2003) Case Study Research, Design and Methods. California: SAGE Publications.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.116972
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 208
| 
views : 115
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ika Arinia Indriyany
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.