URGENSI PERLINDUNGAN BENDA BERSEJARAH DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL

Taufik Rachmat Nugraha. S.H.

doi:10.22146/jmh.46446

URGENSI PERLINDUNGAN BENDA BERSEJARAH DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.46446

Taufik Rachmat Nugraha. S.H.^(1*)

(1) Universitas Padjadjaran and SGAC
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Abstract

Indonesia has various historical cultural properties from Megalithic to Colonial Era. However, their existence are in danger due to the armed conflict which may break out in unspecified and unpredictable time and place. Therefore, this issue has to be the main concern in regard to the existence of Indonesian historical Cultural Properties. Meanwhile, Indonesia as a member of The Hague Convention 1954 and UNESCO Convention 1977 still does not have a particular regulation regarding the protection of historical properties during armed conflict. This Article will examine the Indonesia's urgency in creating particular regulation through National Legislation and also inserting enhanced protection to the cultural properties which are considered great importance for all peoples. Hence, these cultural properties will have international protection during armed conflict.

Intisari

Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman benda budaya yang bersejarah dari peninggalan era megalitikum hingga kolonial. Namun, eksistensi benda budaya tersebut terancam oleh konflik bersenjata dan konflik bersenjata dapat saja terjadi kapanpun dan dimanapun dan juga tidak seorangpun dapat memprediksinya, persoalan ini yang harus menjadi pertimbangan utama karena benda budaya akan sangat rentan ketika terjadi bila konflik bersenjata terjadi di Indonesia. Sementara itu, Indonesia merupakan negara peserta dari Konvensi Den-Haag 1954 dan Konvensi UNESCO 1977, hanya saja hingga saat ini Indonesia belum memiliki peraturan khusus terkait perlindungan benda budaya pada masa konflik bersenjata. Artikel ini akan menguji urgensi Indonesia untuk membuat peraturan khusus dan memasukan pengaturan enhanced protection pada benda budaya yang dinilai memiliki nilai keluhuran bagi umat manusia agar mendapat perlindungan secara internasional jika terjadi konflik bersenjata di masa depan.

Keywords

IHL, Konvensi Den-Haag 1954, Benda Budaya Indonesia

Full Text:

PDF

References

Daftar Pustaka A. Buku D. Gill, Terry (eds),. 2014, Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2014: Casualties of Armed Conflict: Protecting Cultural Property, Asser Press, the Hague. Jiri Toman, 2009, “Cultural property in war: improvement in protection, Commentary on the 1999 second protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict”, UNESCO Publishing, Paris, Kadi, Saurip, 2008., “Megutamakan Rakyat- WawancaraMayor Jendral TNI oleh Liem Siok Lan, Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta. O’Keefe, Roger, 2006., The Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict. Cambridge University Press, New York Schindler, Dietrich. Toman Jiri, “The Laws of Armed Conflicts: the collection of convention, resolutions and Others Documents”. Martinus Nijhoff publishers, Leiden. B. Artikel Jurnal Driver, C, Mark, “The Protection of Cultural Property During Wartime”, 2000. Reigel Volume. Nugraha, Taufik, (et. al.) Perlindungan benda bersejarah peninggalan peradaban mesopotamia pada masa konflik bersenjata non-internasional dalam perspektif hukum humaniter internasional. PKM-AI DIKTI 2017. Schipper T, Erich, Frank “A Concise Legal History of the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and a Comparative Analysis of the 1935 Roerich Pact and the 1954 Hague Convention in the Context of the Law of War. Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archeological Congress. 2013. C. Internet Perlindungan hukum terhadap cagar budaya di Indonesia Available at: http://law.ui.ac.id/v3/4385-2/ accessed 8 October 2018. Permanasari, Arlinahttps://arlina100.wordpress.com/2008/12/18/indonesia-dan-konvensi-den-haag-1954/#more-740 accesed 9 October 2018. World heritage list/Indonesia Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=indonesia accessed 8 october 2018 Indonesia dan konvensi Den Haag 1954 available at: https://www.historyonthenet.com/world-war-two-causes, Accessed on 12 November 2018. Why it is necessary to protect cultural property in the event of armed conflict and/or occupation available at http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/armed-conflict-and-heritage/convention-and-protocols/frequently-asked-questions/#c287372 accessed 8 October 2018. D. Peraturan Hukum Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code). 24 April 1863. Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907. Convention (IX) concerning Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War. The Hague, 18 October 1907. Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments (Roerich Pact). Washington, 15 april 1935. Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949. Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The Hague, 14 May 1954. Protocol for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The Hague, 14 May 1954. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 17 July 1998 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict The Hague, 26 March 1999 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang perlindungan benda cagar budaya E. Dokumen Lain Bahan Seminar “PANTAP Humaniter; Dalam Rangka Pembuatan Rancangan Undang-Undang Tentang Perlindungan Benda Cagar Budaya Pada Masa Konflik Bersenjata”. Bahan Seminar, “Perlindunan Benda Cagar Budaya Pada Situasi Konflik Bersenjata”.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.46446