Factors Associated with High-Alert Medication (HAM) Knowledge of Pharmaceutical Staff at Tangerang Regional Hospital, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.108378

Sherly Tandi Arrang(1), Devina Clara Alverina(2*), Dion Notario(3)

(1) Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta
(2) Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta
(3) Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: High-alert medication (HAM) poses a high risk of causing serious harm to patients when used incorrectly. One of the critical strategies to reduce or prevent medication errors associated with medication is ensuring adequate knowledge among healthcare providers.

Objectives: This study aims to assess knowledge level of pharmaceutical staff regarding HAM in hospital settings.

Methods: An observational, non-experimental design was used with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected with structured questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression.

Results: A total of 89 respondents participated in the study, of which 97% demonstrated a good understanding of HAM. The mean ± SD value of respondents was 87.97 ± 8.50, while the minimal, maximal, and median values were 64.71, 100, and 88.24, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that variables such as age, gender, education level of pharmacy technicians, and work experience (p > 0.05) were not significantly associated with knowledge level. However, the education level of pharmacists indicated a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with knowledge regarding HAM.

Conclusion: This study found a significant association between the education level of pharmacist staff and knowledge level. Future studies should consider various hospital settings across Indonesia to gain a more comprehensive understanding regarding knowledge level of pharmaceutical staff concerning HAM. Additionally, further investigations are needed to explore the correlation between the incidence of medication errors associated with HAM and knowledge level of pharmaceutical staff.


Keywords


High Alert Medication; Knowledge Level; Patient Safety; Pharmaceutical Staff

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Pharmacy Practice & Development Division. Guideline on Safe Use of High Alert Medication (HAM). 2nd ed. Malaysia: Pharmaceutical Services Programme Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2020.
  2. Fitrawan LOM, Nur Fadilah. Manajemen High Alert Medication untuk Mencegah Medication Error di Rumah Sakit: Systematic Literature Review. Lansau: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2025 Apr 30;3(1):59–75.
  3. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Permenkes RI No. 72 Tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2016.
  4. Ministry of Health Malaysia. Guideline on Safe Use of High Alert Medication (HAM) [Internet]. Second. Malaysia: Pharmaceutical Services Programme Ministry of Health Malaysia ; 2020 [cited 2024 Dec 4]. 1–32 p. Available from: https://ismpcanada.ca/resource/highalertlist/
  5. Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Canada. High-Alert Medication List. ISMP Canada. 2024.
  6. Aradhya PJ, Ravi R, Chandra BJS, Ramesh M, Chalasani SH. Assessment of Medication Safety Incidents Associated with High-alert Medication Use in Intensive Care Setting: A Clinical Pharmacist Approach. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2023 Dec;27(12):917–22.
  7. Handayani TW. Faktor Penyebab Medication Error di RSU Anutapura Kota Palu. PERSPEKTIF: Jurnal Pengembangan Sumber Daya Insani. 2017;2(2):224–9.
  8. Darsini D, Fahrurrozi F, Cahyono EA. Pengetahuan ; Artikel Review. Jurnal Keperawatan. 2019 Jan;12(1):95–107.
  9. Athiyah U, Setiawan CD, Nugraheni G, Zairina E, Utami W, Hermansyah A. Assessment of pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude and practice in chain community pharmacies towards their current function and performance in Indonesia. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2019;17(3):1518.
  10. Cokro F, Arrang ST, Chiara MA, Hendra OS. Prevalence of Pharmacist Knowledge on Beyond-Use Date (BUD) of Various Non-Sterile Compounding Drugs in Indonesia. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2022 Jan 1;20(1):1–4.
  11. Aryani AF, Kusuma AM, Galistiani GF. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Pengelola Obat terhadap Pengelolaan Obat di Puskesmas. 2016;6:303–11.
  12. Zyoud SH, Khaled SM, Kawasmi BM, Habeba AM, Hamadneh AT, Anabosi HH, et al. Knowledge about the administration and regulation of high alert medication among nurses in Palestine: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2019 Dec 20;18(1):11.
  13. Naheed S, Marshall P, Arif S. Assessment of Knowledge Regarding High Alert Medication Administration and Regulation among Nurses [Internet]. 2023. Available from: www.kgpublisher.com
  14. Agustin NA, Adrianto D. Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Tenaga Kefarmasian tentang Obat Kewaspadaan Tinggi (High Alert Medication) di Instalasi Farmasi RS X Kabupaten Bekasi. Indonesian Journal of Health Science. 2023;3(2):93–8.
  15. Hasanah N, Sulfiana E. Profil Pengetahuan High Alert Medication Tenaga Kefarmasian di RSUD Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Kota Bangkalan. Indonesian Journal Pharmaceutical and Herbal Medicine. 2021 Oct;1(1):10–5.
  16. Tim LPKN. Mencari Akar Masalah Mengapa Pelayanan Kesehatan RSUD Kalah Dibanding RS Swasta [Internet]. LPKN. 2023 [cited 2024 Jul 11]. Available from: https://ilmu.lpkn.id/2023/09/15/mencari-akar-masalah-mengapa-pelayanan-kesehatan-rsud-kalah-dibanding-rs-swasta/
  17. Sabarian E, Windiyaningsih C, Hutapea F. Analisis Pola Pelayanan Farmasi Rawat Jalan Terhadap Patient Safety Dan Peningkatan Mutu Di Rumah Sakit Melati Kota Tangerang . Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu. 2024 Mar;2(3):141–5.
  18. Pearson. Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Statistics Statistical formulae and tables. 1st ed. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Ltd.; 2017.
  19. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Kelompok Usia Dewasa 19-59 Tahun [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 22]. Available from: https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/kategori-usia/dewasa
  20. Suwaryo PAW, Yuwono P. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat dalam Mitigasi Bencana Alam Tanah Longsor. In: The 6th University Research Colloquim 2017 Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang. 2017. p. 305–14.
  21. Pranata M, Qibtiyah ZM, Fatiha CN. Hubungan Demografi Tenaga Kefarmasian terhadap Patient safety di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Kota Semarang. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2021;20(1):136–41.
  22. Farhah T. Hubungan Demografi Tenaga Kefarmasian dengan Pelaksanaan Patient Safety di RSUD dr R. Koesma Berdasarkan SNARS 2018 Edisi 1.1. [Semarang]: Universitas Islam Sultan Agung; 2022.
  23. Meilianti S, Smith F, Kristianto F, Himawan R, Ernawati DK, Naya R, et al. A National Analysis of the Pharmacy Workforce in Indonesia. Hum Resour Health. 2022 Dec 1;20(71):1–12.
  24. Fitriah R, Mardiati N. Pengaruh Faktor Sosiodemografi terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap pada Penggunaan Antibiotik di Kalangan Masyarakat Pedesaan: Studi Observasional di Kecamatan Cempaka Banjarbaru. JFSP: Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis. 2021;7(1):34–43.
  25. Selifani NF, Pratiwi H, Mustikaningtias I. Analisis Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Apoteker terhadap Obat Generik di Wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas. JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research. 2022 Jul 29;7(2):223–37.
  26. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Permenkes Nomor 56 Tahun 2014 tentang Klasifikasi dan Perizinan Rumah Sakit. 2014.
  27. Kristiono O, Rumi A, Hardani R. Hubungan Pengetahuan Swamedikasi Influenza terhadap Karakteristik Tenaga Teknis Kefarmasian. Jurnal Health Sains. 2021 May 26;2(5):646–54.
  28. Yanurrany A, Urfiyya Q ’Aina. Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Obat Tradisional di RT 05 Desa Karanggayam, Bantul. Jurnal Inovasi Farmasi Indonesia (JAFI). 2023 Dec 31;5(1):12–8.
  29. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan no 74, tahun 2016 mengenai Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2016.
  30. Sesrianty V. Hubungan Pendidikan dan Masa Kerja dengan Keterampilan Perawat Melakukan Tindakan Bantuan Hidup Dasar. Jurnal Kesehatan Perintis (Perintis’s Health Journal). 2018;5(2):165–70.
  31. Lase A, Lase D, Laia O, Buulolo NA. Korelasi antara Pengetahuan, Kemampuan, dan Pengalaman kerja dengan Kinerja Pegawai di Kantor Pengadilan Negeri Gunungsitoli. Tuhenori: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin. 2023;1(1):1–10.
  32. Widodo W. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Pengetahuan Perawat Tentang Penatalaksanaan Asuhan Keperawatan Pasien Dekompensasi Kordis Di Ruang ICVCU RSUD Dr.Moewardi. Jurnal Keperawatan Global. 2016;1(2):55–103.
  33. Kistan K, Rahman I, Asmawi A. Hubungan Pendidikan dan Masa Kerja dengan Pengetahuan Perawat tentang Triase di Ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Monokwari. Health Information: Jurnal Penelitian. 2023;15(2):1–7.
  34. Apriyani I. Analisis Orientasi Perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Pusdansi. 2022;2(7):1–11.
  35. Setiawan PA, Della U, Erialdy E. Hubungan Orientasi Kerja Dengan Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Perhubungan Kota Tangerang. EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi. 2024;3(4):1905–11.
  36. Amalia T, Sugiarto S, Junainah J, Kurniasih T. Pedoman Kredensial Tenaga Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit. 2nd edition. Jakarta: CV. Infomedika; 2018. 122 p.
  37. Sofiani I. Efektifitas Pelatihan High Alert Medication Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Petugas di RS KIA PKU Muhammadiyah Kotagede. Jurnal Medicoeticolegal dan Manajemen Rumah Sakit. 2016;5(2).
  38. ISMP. ISMP List of High-Alert Medication in Acute Care Settings. England: Institute for Safe Medication Practices; 2018.
  39. Anggriani Y, Sarnianto P, Aisyah S, Pontoan J. Analisis Trend Harga Obat Sebelum dan Sesudah Penerapan e-catalogue di Rumah Sakit. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi (JMPF). 2019 Mar 29;9(1):1–11.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.108378

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 0 | views : 0

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Creative Commons License
View My Stats