Studi Life History Buruh Migran Perempuan dalam Sektor Informal di Kabupaten Wonosobo

https://doi.org/10.22146/jps.v10i2.82765

An'ngam Khafifi(1*)

(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Tulisan ini membahas proses menjadi buruh migran perempuan di Kabupaten Wonosobo, terutama di sektor informal. Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah menjadi buruh migran masih besar peminatnya di tengah kerentanan-kerentanan yang harus dihadapinya. Berdasarkan catatan BNP2TKI di 2019 persentase perempuan yang bekerja di sektor informal adalah 60 hingga 80 persen. Meskipun telah banyak artikel yang membahas alasan menjadi buruh migran, namun masih sedikit yang membahas tentang konstruksi dan relasinya dengan struktur sosial yang melingkupi dinamika tersebut dari level keluarga, komunitas lokal, hingga transnasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif life history dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada lima mantan buruh migran perempuan dan dilengkapi dengan pendekatan intersectionality life course dari Ferrer et al. (2017). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan, menjadi buruh migran dalam skala makro merupakan bagian dari proses ekonomi-politik global. Di dalam skala mikro, dalam hal ini lingkungan komunitas informan, menjadi buruh migran dianggap pilihan dan keterpaksaan karena dengan latar belakang kelas dan gender yang dimiliki menjadi buruh migran dirasa mampu menjawab tuntutan atas kebutuhan keluarga dan kebutuhan sosial yang terus meningkat, hingga mampu mengangkat status sosial yang ditandai dengan kepemilikan lahan yang luas dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan tersier. Untuk dapat mencapai tujuan, keagensian dalam diri informan menjadi penting. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari bagaimana informan bernegosiasi untuk re-migrasi dan upaya resistensi melalui kesadaran untuk terlibat aktif dalam pengelolaan uang remiten.


Keywords


Buruh migran perempuan; sektor informal; life history; intersectionality life course; struktur sosial

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jps.v10i2.82765

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