* Corresponding Author
Keragaman Semut pada Ekosistem Tanaman Kakao di Desa Banjaroya Kecamatan Kalibawang Yogyakarta
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.15607 Moh. Ikbal(1), Nugroho Susetya Putra(2*), Edhi Martono(3)
(1) Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu
(2) Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This study aims to determine the diversity of ants in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) ecosystems in six hamlets in the village of Banjaroya, District Kalibawang Yogyakarta. The sampling was carried out by the method of feeding ants using tuna and sugar solution, which is placed on the cacao tree and the ground surface; pit-fall traps; and direct picking by hand. Six sub-family of ants, namely Cerapachynae, Dolichoderinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, and Pseudomyrmicinae were found. Six of the most abundant genera found in each catchment were Dolichoderus sp., Anoplolepis sp., Paratrechina sp., Crematogaster sp., Pheidole sp., and Pheidologeton sp., which is known to be aggressive and invasive. The analysis showed that the diversity of ant communities in the Village Banjaroya categorized as medium (H ‘> 1-3), meaning that the overall state of the ecosystem of the cocoa crop was classified as stable or steady. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of the dominance index (C) shows that the community of ants in each village tends was tended to be dominated by a single species (C close to 0). The relationship between habitat condition and the diversity of ant was discussed in this article.
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman semut pada ekosistem kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di 6 dusun di Desa Banjaroya, Kecamatan Kalibawang Yogyakarta. Pengambilan sampel semut dilakukan dengan metode pengumpanan menggunakan ikan tuna dan larutan gula yang diletakkan pada pohon kakao dan permukaan tanah; lubang perangkap; dan pemungutan dengan tangan. Enam subfamili semut, yaitu Cerapachynae, Dolichoderinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, dan Pseudomyrmicinae telah ditemukan di lokasi pengambilan sampel. Enam genus yaitu Dolichoderus sp., Anoplolepis sp., Paratrechina sp., Crematogaster sp., Pheidole sp. dan Pheidologeton sp. yang dikenal agresif dan invasif, ditemukan paling melimpah di setiap dusun. Hasil analisis keragaman komunitas semut di Desa Banjaroya menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan keadaan ekosistem pada tanaman kakao masih tergolong stabil atau mantap dikategorikan sebagai medium (H’>1-3). Sementara itu, hasil analisis indeks dominasi (C) menunjukkan bahwa komunias semut pada setiap dusun cenderung didominasi oleh satu spesies (C mendekati 0). Hubungan antara kondisi habitat dengan keragaman semut didiskusikan dalam tulisan ini.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ai, S.Y., 1996. Relationship between the Black Cocoa Ant, Dolichoderus thoracicus Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Cocoa Pod Borer, Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) in a cocoa-coconut Ecosystem. Thesis. Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Anderson, A.N. 1995. A Classification of Australian Ant Communities, Based on Functional Groups which Parallel Plant Life-forms in Relation to Stress and Disturbance. Journal of Biogeography 22: 15−29.
Anonim. 2000. Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia 1998–2000. Departemen Pertanian. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Jakarta.
Anonim. 2010. Jangan Remehkan Semut di Kebun Kakao. Departemen Pertanian. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Jakarta. http://ditjenbun.deptan.go.id/ perlindungan/index.php option=com_content&view=article&id=49:jangan-remehkan-semut-dikebun-kakao&catid=15:home, diakses 21/6/11.
Anonim. 2011. Cerapachynae. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Cerapachyinae, diakses 21/6/11.
Atmadja, W.R. 2003. Status Helopeltis antonii sebagai Hama pada Beberapa Tanaman Perkebunan dan Pengendaliannya. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 22: 57−63.
Bharti, H. & Y.P. Sharma. 2009. Diversity and Abundance of Ants Along an Elevational Gradient in Jammu- Kashmir Himalaya-I. Halteres 1: 10−24.
Bolton, B. 1994. Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World. Harvard University Press, London. 222 p.
Davis, N.E., D.J. O’Dowd, P.T. Green, & R.M. Nally. 2008. Effects of an Alien Ant Invasion on Abundance, Behavior, and Reproductive Success of Endemic Island Birds. Conservation Biology 22: 1165−1176.
Dejean, A., C.S. Moreau, M. Kenne, & M. Leponce. 2008. The Raiding Success of Pheidole megacephala on Other Ants in Both its Native and Introduced Ranges. Comptes Rendus Biologies 331: 631−635.
Depparaba, F. 2002. Penggerek Buah Kakao dan Penanggulangannya. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 21: 69−74.
Fung, C.K. 2008. Food Preference, Foraging and Control of The Long Legged Ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Tesis. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Gerlach, J., 2004. Impact of the Invasive Crazy Ant Anoplolepis gracilipes on Bird Island, Seychelles. Journal of Insect Conservation 8: 15−25.
Heong, K.L., G.B. Aquino, & A.T. Barrion. 1991. Arthropod Community Structures of the Rice Ecosystems in the Philippines. Bulletin of Entomology Research 81: 407−416.
Hosang, M. 2004. Interaksi antara Musuh Alami, Herbivora dan Tanaman Kakao di Lembah Palolo, Sulawesi Tengah. http://iirc.ipb.ac.id/jspui/bitstream /123456789/377/1/2004mla_ abstract.pdf, diakses 21/6/11.
Lach, L, C.L. Parr & K.L. Abbott (eds). 2010. Ant Ecology. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom. 402 p.
Lihawa, A. 2006. Biodiversitas Artropoda pada Pertanaman Padi Organik dan Non Organik. Tesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Ludwig, J.A. & J.F. Reynolds. 1988. Statistical Ecology. A Wiley-Interscience Publication. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 337 p.
Mezger, D., & M. Pfeiffer. 2011. Influence of the Arrival of Anoplolepis gracilipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the Composition of an Ant Community in a Clearing in Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Asian Myrmecology 4: 89−98.
Miller, C., 2004. Days Numbered for Yellow Crazy Ants. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2: 342.
Moffett, 1988. Foraging Behavior in the Malayan Swarm-Raiding Ant Pheidologeton silenus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81: 356−361.
Nickerson, J.C. 2009. Scientific Name: Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Publication Number: EENY-142. http: //entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/ants/crazy_ant .htm, modified 21/6/11.
Noor, M.F. 2008. Diversitas Semut (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) di Beberapa Ketinggian Vertikal di Kawasan Cagar Alam Telaga Warna Jawa Barat. Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. 80 p.
Putra, N.S. 2009. Semut: Menguntungkan atau Merugikan? Majalah Serangga Online. http://ilmu serangga.wordpress.com/2009/12/15/, diakses 21/6/11.
Rianti, P. 2009. Keragaman, Efektivitas dan Perilaku Kunjungan Serangga Penyerbuk pada Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.: Euphorbiaceae). Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. 88 p.
Rizali, A. 2006. Keanekaragaman Semut di Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. 66 p.
Schoenly, K.G., H.D. Justo, A.T. Barrion Jr., M.K. Harris, & D.G. Bottrell. 1988. Analysis of Invertebrate Biodiversity in a Philippine Farmers’ Irrigated Rice Field. Environmental Entomology 27: 1125−1136.
Stringer, L.D. 2007. Temperature Variation, Resource Concentration, and Foranging Behaviour Influencing The Effect of Monomorium sydneyense (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on The Ant Community of Tauranga, New Zealand. http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/ handle/ 10063/145, modified 21/6/11.
Suputa, 2010. (Wawancara langsung) Suwena, M. 2007. Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Liar Edibel pada Ekosistem Sawah dan Sekitar Kawasan Hutan Gunung Salak. Tesis. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mataram.
van Mele, P. & N.T.T. Cuc. 2001. Farmers’ Perceptions and Practices in Use of Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Biological Control of Pests of Sapodilla. Biological Control 20: 23−29.
Wetterer, J.K. 2008. Worldwide Spread of the Longhorn Crazy Ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 11: 137−149.
Wielgoss, A, T. Tscharntke, D. Buchori, B. Fiala, & Y. Clough. 2009. Temperature and A Dominant Dolichoderine Ant Species Affect Ant Diversity in Indonesian Cacao Plantations. Journal Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 135: 253–259.
Wilson, D.E. 2000. Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London. 280 p.
Wiryadiputra, S., 2007. Pemapanan Semut Hitam (Dolichoderus thoracicus) pada Perkebunan Kakao dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Serangan Hama Helopelthis spp. Pelita Perkebunan 3: 57−71.
Yaherwandi, S. Manuwoto, D. Buchori, P. Hidayat & L. Budiprasetyo. 2006. Analisis Spasial Lanskap Pertanian dan Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera di Daerah Alisan Sungai Cianjur. Hayati 13: 137−144.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.15607
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3524
| 
views : 3382
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2014 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics