The Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 on The Survival of The Non-Target Pest, Spodoptera litura

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.16618

Kurnia Pratiwi(1*), Y. Andi Trisyono(2), Edhi Martono(3)

(1) Department of Plant Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Department Plant Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Department Plant Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Spodoptera litura is one of the important insect pest of maize besides the notoriously damaging corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis. S. litura has been the target of various controls including the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2. This study was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of Bt toxin Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 on the growth and development of S. litura from larval to adult stages. Two sublethal concentrations were used; 0.1875 and 0.0469 ppm for Cry1A.105, and 0.0008 and 0.0003 ppm for Cry2Ab2. The bioassay using diet dipping was carried out on a CRD with three experiments and five repetitions. The observation was carried out on the mortality and survival rates of S. litura. The mortality reached 28% when the larvae were treated with 0.1875 ppm and 20% with 0.0469 ppm of Cry 1A.105. The exposed larvae and pupae were smaller than control. Larval and pupal weight were 117.0 and 165.6 g with 0.1875 ppm, while control were 212.9 and 211.2 g. Cry1A.105 also longer the larval stage, larval stage with higher and lower concentration were 24.5 and 22.3 day, while control was 20.5 day. The resulted pupae from larve which exposed by Cry1A.105 were less than control; there were 40% at concentration 0.1875 ppm and control 61%. The two concentration of Cry2Ab2 produced similar mortality of 20%. Similarly, Cry2Ab2 affected pupal to adult stages development. The longevity of pupal stage with concentration 0.0003 ppm was 9.5 days, followed by 0.0008 ppm (9.1 days) and control (10.1 days). The adult emerge on the highest concentration was 47.4% while control only 34.6%. There results showed that both Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 were detrimental to the survival of S. litura which is the non-target insect of transgenic Bt maize.

 

INTISARI


 

Spodoptera litura merupakan salah satu hama penting yang menyerang tanaman jagung, selain Ostrinia furnacalis. Belakangan ini O. furnacalis diketahui telah menjadi target dari berbagai macam cara pengendalian termasuk penggunaan toksin Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A.105 dan Cry2Ab2. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek akut toksin Bt Cry1A.105 dan Cry2Ab2 terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan S. litura dari larva sampai imago. Dua konsentrasi subletal yang akan digunakan adalah; 0,1875 dan 0,0469 ppm untuk Cry1A.105, dan 0,0008 dan 0,0003 ppm untuk Cry2Ab2. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode celup pakan dan Rancangan Acak Legkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap mortalitas dan kelangsungan hidup S. litura. Mortalitas mencapai 28% pada larva yang dipaparkan dengan 0,1875 ppm dan 20% dengan 0,0469 ppm Cry 1A.105. Larva dan pupa yang terkena toksin berukuran lebih kecil. Berat larva dan pupa yang terpapar toksin dengan konsentrasi 0,1875 ppm, masing – masing 117,0 dan 165,6 g, sedangkan kontrol masing – masing 212,9 dan 211,2 g. Cry1A.105 juga dapat memperpanjang stadia larva. Lama stadia larva dengan konsentrasi tertinggi dan terendah adalah 24,5 dan 22,3 hari, sedangkan kontrol 20,5 hari. Jumlah pupa yang berhasil terbentuk dari larva yang terpapar toxin Cry1A.105 lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kontrol; pada konsentrasi 0,1875 ppm sebesar 40%, sedangkan kontrol sebesar 61%. Kedua konsentrasi dari toksin Bt Cry2Ab2 menyebabkan mortalitas yang sama yaitu 20%. Cry2Ab2 juga berpengaruh terhadap lama stadia pupa dan tingkat keberhasilan pembentukan imago. Lama stadia pupa dengan konsentrasi 0,0003 ppm adalah 9,5 hari, diikuti dengan konsentrasi 0,0008 ppm (9,1 hari) dan kontrol (10,1 hari). Jumlah imago terbanyak terdapat pada perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 0,0008 ppm sebesar 47,4% sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 34,6%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa toksin Bt Cry1A. 105 dan Cry2Ab2 juga berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup S. litura yang merupakan serangga bukan sasaran dari tanaman jagung transgenik Bt.




Keywords


Cry1A.105; Cry2Ab2; hama bukan sasaran; jagung; kelangsungan hidup; maize; non-target pest; Spodoptera litura; survival

Full Text:

PDF


References

Agrofarm. 2014. Lampaui Rekor Tertinggi Impor Jagung Capai 3,6 Juta Ton. Majalah Agrofarm. Sabtu, 6 September 2014. http://www.agrofarm.co.id, modified 21/12/14.

Biopesticide Registration Action Document (BRAD). 2009. Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 Insecticidal Proteins and the Genetic Material Necessary for Their Production in Corn. http://www.epa.gov/ oppbppd1/biopesticides/pips/mon-89034-brad.pdf, modified 10/1/15.

Bortolotto, O.C., A.F. Buenob, A.P. Queiroz, G.F. Silva, & G.C. Barbosa. 2015. Larval Development of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) Fed on Leaves of Bt Maize Expressing Cry1F and Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 Proteins and its Non-Bt Isoline. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 59: 7−11.

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). 2014a. Perkembangan Ekspor dan Impor Indonesia Oktober 2014. Berita Resmi Statistik. No. 87/12/Th. XVI. http://www.bps.go. id, modified 21/12/14.

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). 2014b. Produksi Padi, Jagung, dan Kedelai. Badan Pusat Statistik. No. 50/07/Th. XVII. http://www.bps.go.id, modified 21/12/14.

Bøhn, T., A. Myhr, D. Quist, T. Traavik, & O. Wikmark. 2010. Impact Assessment of Maize Hybrid MON 89034 xNK603 from Monsanto and Dow AgroSciences (EFSA/GMO/NL/2009/72). GenØk – Centre for Biosafety. http://genok.no/wp-content/uploads/ 2013/ 04/genok_raad_jan2010_h721.pdf, modified 10/3/14.

George, Z., & N. Crickmore. 2012. Bacillus thuringiensis Applications in Agriculture. Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer. http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/ cda/download/document/9789400730205-c1.pdf, modified 30/8/15.

Gill, S.S. 1995. Mechanism of Action Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins. Mem Ins Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 90: 69−74.

Halim & A.M. Kandari. 2012. Pemanfaatan Pangkasan Daun Gulma untuk Memodifikasi Iklim Mikro dalam Pembentukan Pupa Spodoptera Litura pada Tanaman Jagung. Agriplus 22: 170−173.

Kalshoven, L.G.E. 1981. Pest of Crops in Indonesia. Has been revised and translated by P.A.V and der Lann. P T Ichtiar Baru, Van Hoeve, Jakarta. 701 p.

Lin, C.H., Y.Y. Chen, C.C. Tzeng, H.S. Tsay, & L.J. Chen. 2003. Expression of a Bacillus thuringiensis cry1C Gene In Plastid Confers High Insecticidal Efficacy Against Tobacco Cutworm - a Spodoptera Insect. Botanical Studies 44: 199−210.

Naik, V.C., N.V. Prasad, G.R. Rao. 2013. Effect of Bt Cotton On Survival and Development of Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) on Different Events ff Bt Hybrids. Academic Journal 8: 5538−5549.

Nonci, N. 2004. Biologi dan Musuh Alami Penggerek Batang Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Pada Tanaman Jagung. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 23: 8−14.

Product Safety Assessment (PSA). 2015. POWERCORETM. The Dow Chemical Company. http://msdssearch. dow.com, modified 20/12/15.

Puspita, F.N.D. 2015. Efek Kronis Toksin Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Ostrinia furnacalis. Skripsi. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Respati, E., L. Hasanah, S. Wahyuningsih, Sehusman, M. Manurung, Y. Supriyati, & Rinawati. 2013. Buletin Konsumsi Pangan. Pusat data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian 4: 1−56.

Roh, J. Yul, Y.J. Choi, M.S. Li, B.R. Jin, & Y.H. Je. 2007. Bacillus thuringiensis as a Specific, Safe, and Effective Tool for Insect Pest Control. Journal Microbiology Biotechnology 17: 547–559.

Ruut, A., A. Bravo, & N. Crickmore. 2001. How Bacillus thuringiensis Has Evolved Specific Toxins to Colonize The Insect World. Review. Trends in Genetics 17: 193−199.

Subiadi, Y.A. Trisyono, & E. Martono. 2014. Aras Kerusakan Ekonomi (AKE) larva Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pada Tiga Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 11: 19–26.

Tampubulon, D.Y., Y. Pangestiningsih, F. Zahara, & F. Manik. 2013. Uji Patogenisitas Bacillus thuringiensis dan Metarhizium anisopliae terhadap Mortalitas Spodoptera litura Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Di Laboratorium. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi 1: 783−793.

Triyani, F.M. 2015. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Subletal Toksin Bacillus thuringiensis terhadap Keperidian Ostrinia furnacalis. Skripsi. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.16618

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2630 | views : 1440

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.  

View website statistics