* Corresponding Author
Parasitism of The Rice Brown Planthopper Eggs in Various Periods of Time of The Day
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.16621 Siti Haryati(1*), Y. Andi Trisyono(2), Witjaksono Witjaksono(3)
(1) Directorate of Food Crop Protection, Jln. AUP Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12520
(2) Department of Plant Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Department of Plant Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important pest of rice. Since at the early stage, this pest is infested by parasitoids, but most cultural practices do not consider the existences of parasitoids in rice ecosystem. This study was aimed to determine the level of parasitism on N. lugens with regard to the time of the day. This information would be useful to minimize the effect of insecticide application to the parasitoids. Trapping of egg parasitoids in rice ecosystem was conducted every two hours from 05.00 a.m. until 04.00 p.m. Parasitism occured as early as at 05.00 a.m. (12.26% of the total parasitoid found), reached the peak abundance at 11.00 a.m. (36.13%), and decreased at 01.00 p.m. The parasitism level varied from 1.12 to 8.51% at 66 days after planting. The highest number of parasitoids and the highest parasitism level occured when trapping was conducted between 11.00 a.m.−01.00 p.m.. Before and after this period of time, the number of parasitoid emerged and parasitism were low. This suggest that if insecticide is necessary, it should be applied in the early morning or late afternoon.
INTISARI
Wereng batang padi cokelat, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), merupakan salah satu hama penting padi. Praktik budidaya pertanian padi belum memperhatikan aktivitas parasitoid dalam ekosistem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat parasitasi telur N. lugens pada beberapa waktu dalam sehari. Informasi ini akan bermanfaat untuk mengurangi dampak aplikasi insektisida terhadap parasitoid. Pemerangkapan parasitoid telur N. lugens di lahan padi dilakukan setiap dua jam yang dimulai pada pukul 05.00 sampai pukul 16.00. Parasitoid telur N. lugens mulai aktif pada pukul 05.00 (12,26%), mencapai puncaknya pukul 11.00 (36,13%), dan mulai mengalami penurunan pada pukul 13.00. Tingkat parasitasi pada tanaman padi umur 66 hari setelah tanam berkisar mulai 1,12−8,51%. Hasil pemerangkapan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah parasitoid yang paling banyak muncul dan tingkat parasitisme tinggi terjadi pada waktu pemerangkapan yang dilakukan pada pukul 11.00−13.00. Sebelum dan sesudah waktu pemerangkapan tersebut jumlah parasitoid dan tingkat parasitisme rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa apabila aplikasi insektisida diperlukan, maka harus dilakukan di pagi hari atau sore hari.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdilah, N.A. 2015. Keanekaragaman dan Biologi Reproduksi Parasitoid Telur Wereng Cokelat, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) [Diversity and Reproductive Biology of Eggs Parasitoid Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)]. Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. 75 p.
Anonymous. 2015. http://litbang.patikab.go.id/ index.php/kajian-isu-strategis/195-faktor-faktor-penyebab-kematian-ibu-di-kabupaten-pati/202-analisis-kualitas-tanah-berdasarkan-kandungan-c-organik-n-total-p-tersedia-dan-k-tersedia-pada-sawah-sekitar-sungai-suwatu-margoyoso-pati, modified 20/12/15.
Budiman, A. 2014. Waktu Oviposisi Ostrinia furnacalis dan Pengaruh Periode Terang terhadap Penetasan Telur (Time Oviposition of Ostrinia furnacalis and the Effect of Light on the Period of Hatching Egg. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. 31 p.
Catindig, J.L.A, G.S. Arida, S.E. Baehaki, J.S. Bentur, L.Q. Cuong, M. Norowi, W. Rattanakam, W. Sriratanasak, J. Xia, & Z. Lu. 2009. Situation of Planthopper in Asia, p.191−220. In K.L. Heong & B. Hardy (eds.), Planthopper: New Threats to the Sustainability of Intensive Rice Production Systems in Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
Chantarasa-Ard, S., Y. Hirashima, & T. Miura. 1984. Effects of Temperature and Food on the Development and Reproduction of Anagrus incarnatus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an Egg Parasitoid of the Rice Planthoppers. Esakia 22: 145−158.
Dewi, L.P. 2005. Potensi Parasitoid Telur Wereng Batang Padi Cokelat Nilaparvata lugens di Sleman Yogyakarta. (Potential Egg Parasitoid Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in Sleman, Yogyakarta). Tesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. 54 p.
Fleury, F. & M. Bouletreau. 1993. Effects of Temporary Host Deprivation on the Reproductive Potential of Trichogramma brassicae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 68: 203−210.
Garratt, M.P.D, D.J.Wright, & S.R. Leather. 2011. The Effect of Farming System and Fertilisers on Pests and Natural Enemies: A Synthesis of Current Research (Review). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 141: 261−270.
Godfray, H.C.J. 1994. Parasitoids Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, United Kingdom. 473 p.
Gurr, G.M., J. Liu, D.M.Y. Read, J.L.A. Catindig, J.A. Cheng, L.P. Lan, & K.L. Heong. 2011. Parasitoids of Asian Rice Planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Pests and Prospects for Enhancing Biological Control by Ecological Engineering. Annals of Applied Biology 158: 149−176.
Macfadyen, S., R. Gibson, A. Polaszek, R.J. Morris, P.G. Craze, R. Planqué, W.O. Symondson, & J. Memmott. 2009. Do Differences in Food Web Structure between Organic and Conventional Farms Affect the Ecosystem Service of Pest Control? Ecology Letters 12: 229−238.
Meilin, A, Y.A. Trisyono, E. Martono, & D. Buchori. 2012. Teknik Perbanyakan Massal Parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae (Pang et Wang) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) dengan Kotak Plastik [Mass-Rearing Technique of Anagrus nilaparvatae (Pang et Wang) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) Using Plastic Box]. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 9: 7−13.
Meilin, A. 2012. Dampak Insektisida pada Parasitoid Telur Wereng Batang Cokelat dan Deltametrin Konsentrasi Sublethal terhadap Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) [The Effects of Deltamethrin Applied at Sublethal Concentrations on the Adults of Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)]. Disertasi Pascasarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. 149 p.
Mutitu, E.K., J.R. Garnas, B.P. Hurley, M.J. Wingfield, M. Harney, S.J. Bush, & B. Slippers. 2013. Biology and Rearing of Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an Egg Parasitoid for the Biological Control of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae). Journal of Economic Entomology 106: 1979–1985.
Lou, Y.G., G.R. Zhang, W.Q. Zhang, Y. Hu, & J. Zhang. 2014. Reprint of: Biological Control of Rice Insect Pests in China. Biological Control 68: 103–116.
Page, T.L. 2003. Circadian Rhythms, p. 188–192. In V.H. Resh & T.C. Ring (eds.), Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press-Elsevier Science, Burlington, USA.
Reissig, W.H., E.A. Heinrichs, J.A. Litsinger, K. Moody, L. Fiedler, T.W. Mew, & A.T. Barrion. 1986. Illustrated Guide to Integrated Pest Management in Rice in Tropical Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines. 411 p.
Thomson, L.J., S. Macfadyen, & A.H. Ary. 2010. Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on Natural Enemies of Agricultural Pests. Biological Control 52: 296–306.
Untung, K. 2006. Pengantar Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu. Edisi Kedua. (Introduction of Integrated Pest Management. 2nd edition.) Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. 348 p.
Usmani, M.K. 2012. Biological Investigation on Some Species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Egg Parasitoids of Leafhoppers (Hemiptera). APCBEE Procedia 4: 1–5.
Watanabe, T., T. Wada, & N.M.N.N. Salleh. 1992. Parasitic Activities of Egg Parasitoids on the Rice Planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), in the Muda Area, Peninsular Malaysia. Applied Entomology and Zoology 27: 205–211.
Zhu, Z.R., J.A. Cheng, & X. Chen. 1991. Effects of Temperature and Food on the Development, Survival and Reproduction of Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Acta Ecologica Sinica 11: 66–72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.16621
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3121
| 
views : 2035
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics