* Corresponding Author
Perkembangan Populasi Wereng Hijau dan Predatornya pada Beberapa Varietas Padi
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.17259 Wasis Senoaji(1*), R. Heru Praptana(2)
(1) Loka Penelitian Penyakit Tungro, Jln. Bulo No.101, Lanrang, Sidenreng Rappang, Sulawesi Selatan 91651
(2) Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, Jln. Merdeka No. 147, Bogor 16111
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The population of green leafhopper Nephotettix sp. from seedling until to the end of the vegetative phase needs to be controlled to avoid the incidence of tungro. Integrated pest management based on bioecological management of natural enemies has the potential to sustainable agroecosystems. The purpose of the study was to find out the population dynamics of green leafhopper and various species of predators on several rice varieties. Field study was conducted in a rainy season of 2013 at The Tungro Disease Research Station (Tundres), Lanrang, South Sulawesi. Observational methods were used to study development of the green leafhoppers population and their predators in five rice varieties: Inpari 4, Inpari 7, Inpari 9, IR 64, and TN1. The results showed that the population density of green leafhoppers increased during the vegetative stage and decreased in the generative stage. It was not affected by the resistance of varieties. Generally, the predators population density did not follow their prey. Shannon-Wienner (H’) diversity index of predators showed up to 0.91. It suggested that identifying predator functional traits improve opportunities of the practice of conservation biological control.
INTISARI
Populasi wereng hijau Nephotettix sp. sejak persemaian hingga akhir fase vegetatif perlu dipantau dan dikendalikan untuk menghindari dan menekan insidensi tungro. Pengendalian hama terpadu yang berbasis bioekologi dengan menekan penggunaan pestisida, kesesuaian varietas dan pengelolaan musuh alami mempunyai potensi dalam membangun agroekosistem yang berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola perkembangan populasi wereng hijau dan berbagai jenis predatornya pada beberapa varietas padi sehingga menjadi informasi penting dalam penentuan jenis dan proporsi varietas, pemantauan kepadatan populasi wereng hijau dalam kaitannya dengan insidensi tungro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Loka Penelitian Penyakit Tungro, Lanrang, Sulawesi Selatan pada musim hujan 2013, dengan mengunakan metode observasi untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan perkembangan populasi wereng hijau dan predatornya pada lima varietas padi yang berbeda umur (kegenjahan) dan ketahanannya terhadap wereng hijau, yaitu Inpari 4, Inpari 7, Inpari 9, IR 64, TN1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola populasi wereng hijau meningkat selama fase vegetatif (tiga hingga enam MST) dan menurun pada fase generatif (tujuh hingga delapan MST). Tingkat kepadatan populasi wereng hijau tidak dipengaruhi oleh ketahanan varietas. Secara umum, pola fluktuasi kepadatan populasi predator tidak mengikuti pola fluktuasi kepadatan populasi wereng hijau di setiap varietas. Berdasarkan nilai indeks Shannon-wiener, keragaman predator berada diatas nilai indek 0,91 menunjukkan peluang konservasi musuh alami dalam pengendalian biologis dengan memfokuskan identifikasi tanggap fungsional predator terhadap hama sasaran.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Angeles, E.R. & G.S. Khush. 2000. Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Green Leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant): in Three Varieties of Rice. Plant Breeding 119: 446–448.
Azzam, O. & T.C.B. Chancellor. 2002. The Biology, Epidemiology, and Management of Rice Tungro Disease. Plant Disease 86: 88–100.
Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. & J.P. Edirisinghe. 2008. Composition, Structure and Dynamics of Arthropod Communities in a Rice Agro-Ecosystem. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 37: 23–48.
Burhanuddin, I.N. Widiarta, & A. Hasanuddin. 2006. Penyempurnaan Pengendalian Terpadu Penyakit Tungro dengan Strategi Menghindari Infeksi dan Pergiliran Varietas Tahan. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 6: 92–99.
Cabunagan, R.C., E.R. Tiongco, & I.R.Choi. 2008. Component Technologies for Management of Rice Tungro Disease, p. 197–212. In E.R. Tiongco, E.R. Angeles, & L.S. Sebastian (eds.), Rice Tungro Virus Disease: a Paradigm in Disease Management. Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija: Philippine Rice Research Institute and Honda Research Institute Japan Co. Ltd.
Chancellor, T.C.B., A.G. Cook, & K.L. Heong. 1996. The Within-Field Dynamics of Rice Tungro Disease in Relation to the Abundance of its Major Leafhopper Vectors. Crop Protection 15: 439–449.
Choi.I.R., P.Q. Cabautan, & R.C. Cabunagan. 2009. Rice Tungro Disease. Rice Fact Sheet, IRRI, Sep. 2009: 1–4.
Dahal, G., H. Hibino, & R.C. Saxena. 1990. Association of Leafhopper Feeding Behavior with Transmission of Rice Tungro to Susceptible and Resistant Rice Cultivar. Phytopathology 80: 659–665.
Daradjat, A.A., I.N. Widiarta, & A. Hasanuddin. 1999. Breeding for Rice Tungro Virus Resistance in Indonesia. Rice Tungro Disease Management. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
Feng, W.N., X.Y. Ji, J.X. Jiang, Y.M. Zhang, J.H. Liang, & B. Li. 2015. An Ecological Indicator to Evaluate the Effect of Chemical Insecticide Pollution Management on Complex Ecosystems. Ecological Indicators 53: 11–17.
Ganapathy, T., N. Subramanian, & M. Surendran. 1999. GLH Control for Management of Rice Tungro Disease. Rice Tungro Disease Management. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
Holt, J., T.C.B. Chancellor, D.R. Reynolds, & E.R. Tiongco. 1996. Risk Assessment for Rice Planthopper and Tungro Disease Outbreaks. Crop Protection 15: 359–368.
Kobayashi, T., M. Takada, S. Takagi, A. Yoshioka, & I. Washitani. 2011. Spider Predation on a Mirid Pest in Japanese Rice Fields. Basic and Applied Ecology 12: 532–539.
Kuusk, A.K. & B. Ekbom. 2010. Lycosid Spiders and Alternative Food: Feeding Behavior and Implications for Biological Control. Biological Control 55: 20–26.
Laba, I.W. & W.R. Atmadja. 1992. Potensi Parasit dan Predator dalam Mengendalikan Wereng Cokelat Nilaparvata lugens Stal. pada Tanaman Padi. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 11: 65–71.
Laba, I.W., K. Djatnika, & M. Arifin. 2001. Analisis Keanekaragaman Hayati Musuh Alami pada Ekosistem Padi Sawah, p. 207–217. In E. Soenarjo et al. (eds.), Prosiding Simposium Keanekaragaman Hayati Arthropoda pada Sistem Produksi Pertanian. PEI – KEHATI. Cipayung, 16–18 Oktober 2000.
Lou Y.G., G.R. Zhang, W.Q. Zhang, Y. Hu, & J. Zhang. 2013. Biological Control of Rice Insect Pests in China. Biological Control 67: 8–20.
Lu, Z.X., X.P. Yu, K.L. Heong, & H. Cui. 2007. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Herbivores and its Stimulation for Major Insect Pests in Rice. Rice Science 14: 56–66.
Moreno C.R., S.A. Lewins, & P. Barbosa. 2010. Influence of Relative Abundance and Taxonomic Identity on the Effectiveness of Generalist Predators as Biological Control Agents. Biological Control 52: 96–103.
Padmavathi, G., E.A. Siddiq, & C. Kole. 2001. Inheritance of Protein Markers Detecting Polymorphism among Rice Genotypes with Contrasting Host Response to Green Leafhopper. Current Science 80: 1111–1112.
Praptana, R.H. & M. Yasin. 2008. Epidemiologi dan Strategi Pengendalian Penyakit Tungro. Iptek Tanaman Pangan 3: 184–204.
Praptana, R.H. & A. Muliadi. 2013. Durabilitas Ketahanan Varietas terhadap Penyakit Tungro. Iptek Tanaman Pangan 8: 1–7.
Raga, I.N., W. Murdita, M.P.L. Tri, S.W. Edi, & Oman. 2004. Sistem Surveillance Antisipasi Ledakan Penyakit Tungro di Indonesia, p. 49–59. In A. Hasanuddin, I.N. Widiarta, & Sunihardi (eds.), Strategi Pengendalian Penyakit Tungro: Status dan Program, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Status Program Penelitian Tungro Mendukung Keberlanjutan Produksi Padi Nasional. Makassar, 7–8 September 2004.
Rahayu, H. 2012. Preferensi Petani Kabupaten Donggala terhadap Karakteristik kualitas dan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Unggul Baru Padi Sawah. Widyariset 15: 293–300.
Rapusas, H.R. & E.A. Heinrich. 1987. Plant Age Effect on the Level of Resistance of Rice ‘IR 36’ to the Green Leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant) and Rice Tungro Virus. Environmental Entomology 16: 106–110.
Shepard, B.M, A.T. Borrion, & J.A. Litsinger. 1987. Helpful Insects, Spider and Pathogens. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
Siwi, S.S. & Y. Zusuki. 1991. The Green Leafhopper (Nephotettix spp.): Vector of Rice Tungro Virus Disease in Southeast Asia, Particularly in Indonesia and its Management. Indonesian Agricultural Research and Development Journal 13: 8–15.
Straub, C.S., D.L. Finke, & W.E. Snyder. 2008. Are the Conservation of Natural Enemy Biodiversity and Biological Control Compatible Goals? Biological Control 45: 225–237.
Sumardiyono, Y.B., S. Hartono, & I. Suswanto. 2004. Interaksi RTV dengan Wereng Hijau dan Daur Penyakit Tungro pada Padi, p. 37–47. In A. Hasanuddin, I.N. Widiarta, & Sunihardi (eds.), Strategi Pengendalian Penyakit Tungro: Status dan Program, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Status Program Penelitian Tungro Mendukung Keberlanjutan Produksi Padi Nasional. Makassar, 7–8 September 2004.
Suprihatno B., A.A. Daradjat, Satoto, S.E. Baehaki I.N. Widiarta, A. Setyono, S. D. Indrasari, O.S. Lesmana, & H. Sembiring. 2009. Deskripsi Varietas Padi. Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, Sukamandi. 105 p.
Supriyadi, K. Untung, Y. A. Trisyono, & T. Yuwono. 2004. Karakter Populasi Wereng hijau, Nephotettix virescens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) di Wilayah Endemi dan Nonendemi Penyakit Tungro Padi. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 10: 112–120.
Suzuki, Y., I.G.N. Astika, I.K.R. Widrawan, I.G.N. Gede, I.N. Raga, & Soeroto. 1992. Rice Tungro Disease Transmitted by Green Leafhoppers: its Epidemiology and Forecasting. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 26: 98–104.
Tiongco, E.R., R.C. Cabunagan, Z.M. Flores, H. Hibino, & H. Koganezawa. 1993. Serological Monitoring of Rice Tungro Disease Development in the Field: its Implication in Disease Management. Plant Disease 77: 877–882.
Truong, H.X. & E.R. Tiongco. 2008. Integral Factors in Tungro Disease Development, p. 30–66. In E.R. Tiongco, E.R. Angeles, & L.S. Sebastian (eds.), Rice Tungro Virus Disease: a Paradigm in Disease Management. Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija: Philippine Rice Research Institute and Honda Research Institute Japan Co. Ltd.
Widiarta, I.N. 1992. Comparative Population Dynamics of Green Leafhoppers in Paddy Fields of the Tropies and Temperate Region. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 26:115–123.
Widiarta, I.N., D. Kusdiaman, & A. Hasanuddin. 1999. Dinamika Populasi Nephotettix virescens pada Dua Pola Tanam Padi Sawah. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 5: 42−49.
Widiarta, I.N., M. Matsumura, Y. Suzuki, & F. Nakasuji. 2001. Effects of Sublethal Doses of Imidacloprid on the Fecundity of Green Leafhoppers, Nephotettix spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and their Natural Enemies. Applied Entomology and Zoology 36: 501–507.
Widiarta, I.N., D. Kusdiaman, & A. Hasannuddin. 2003. Pemencaran Wereng Hijau dan Keberadaan Tungro pada Pertanaman Padi dengan Beberapa Cara Tanam. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 22: 129−133.
Widiarta, I.N. 2005. Wereng Hijau (Nephotettix virescens Distant.): Dinamika Populasi dan Strategi Pengendaliannya sebagai Vektor Penyakit Tungro. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 24: 85–92.
Wyckhuys, K.A.G., Y. Lu, H. Morales, L.L. Vazquez, J.C. Legaspi, P.A. Eliopoulus, & L.M. Hernandez. 2013. Current Status and Potential of Conservation Biological Control for Agriculture in the Developing World. Biological Control 65: 152–167.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.17259
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 8229
| 
views : 27814
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics