Diversity of Arthropods in Different Rice Varieties in Bantul Regency

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.58587

Indah Sri Lestari(1*), Edhi Martono(2), Arman Wijonarko(3)

(1) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


High-yielding varieties are used as one of the technologies to increase rice productivity in Indonesia. Varieties, however, invite the arrival of arthropod during their growing phase. One of the method to manage arthropods during the growing stage is the use of high-yielding varieties. In this trial, IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit, Mekongga and Mixed Varieties were used. The mixed variety is a combination of IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit and Mekongga. These rice varieties are the most common varieties used by farmers in Bantul Regency. To collect arthropods, the traps used were sweep net, yellow sticky and pitfall traps. The purpose of this study was to determine arthropod’s diversity, evenness and dominance in different rice plant varieties in one planting season. The study was conducted in the village of Wijirejo, Pandak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The observations were conducted in the evening between 16.00–18.00 p.m., with the interval of twice a week for 5 observations. Arthropods were identified up to the family level. This research resulted in the diversity index (Shannon-Winner) of 1.97–2.82 which is categorized as medium, the evenness index of 0.61–0.71, categorized as medium and the dominance index of 0.10–0.22, categorized as lower level. The ecosystem
of the research area was unstable in diversity, evenness, and dominance due to the transition process, and it took quite some times to stabilize the rice fields. Therefore, a more thorough research is still necessary, especially for the ricegrowing season to follow.


Keywords


arthropods; diversity; dominance; evenness; rice variety

Full Text:

PDF


References

Bambaradeniya. C.N.B & J.P. Edirisinghe. 2008. Composition, Structure and Dynamics of Arthropod Communities in a Rice Agro-Ecosystem. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 37: 23–48.

Birkhofer, K., A. Fliebbach., D.H. Wise & S. Scheu. 2008. Generalits Predators in Organic and Conventionally Managed Grass-Clover Fields: Implication for Conservation Biological Control. Annual of Applied Biology 153: 271­­–280.

Borror, D.J., D.M. De Long, & C.A. Triplehorn. 1992. An Introduction to the Study of Insects. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia (US). 875 p.

BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik). 2020. Luas Panen dan Produksi Padi di Indonesia 2019 (Hasil Survey Kerangka Sampel Area). Berita Resmi Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2020/02/04/1752/luas-panen-dan-produksi-padi-pada-tahun-2019-mengalami-penurunan-dibandingkan-tahun-2018-masing-masing-sebesar-6-15-dan-7-76-persen.html, accessed 27/09/2020.

Cooper WR, G. J. Puterka & D. M. Gleen. 2010. Relative Attractiveness of Colour Traps to Pear Psylla in Relation to Seasonal Changes in Pearphenology. Entomological Society of Canada 142:188–191.

Erdiansyah, I. & S.U. Putri. 2017. Optimalisasi Fungsi Bunga Refugia Sebagai Pengendali Hama Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.). In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat 2017. Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jember. https://publikasi.polije.ac.id/index.php/prosiding/article/view/763/503, accessed 10/09/2020.

Goulet, H. & J.T. Huber. 1993. Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Ottawa (CA). 680 p.

Grootaert, P., M. Pollet., W. Dekoninck., & C. V. Achterberg. 2010. Sampling Insects: General Techniques, Strategies and Remarks, p. 337–399. In J. Eymann, J. Degreef, J. Hāuser, C. Monje, Y. Samyn, & D. Vanden Spiegel (eds.), Manual on Field Recording Techniques and Protocols for All Taxa Biodiversity Inventories and Monitoring. Abc Taxa, Belgium.

Guevara, J. & L. Aviles. 2009. Elevational Changes in the Composition of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods at Tropical Latitudes: A Comparison of Multiplesampling Methods and Social Spider Diets. Insect Conservation and Diversity 2: 142–152.

Gurr, G. M., S.D. Wratten, & M. A. Altieri. 2004. Ecological Engineering: A New Direction for Agricultural Pest Management. Australian Farm Business Management Journal 1: 25–31.

Hall, D.G., M. Se´tamou, & R. F. Mizell III. 2010. A Comparison of Stickytraps for Monitoring Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). Crop Protection 29: 1341–1346.

Hendrival, L. Hakim & Halimuddin. 2017. Komposisi dan Keanekaragaman Artropoda Predator pada Agroekosistem Padi. Jurnal Floratek 12: 21–33.

Herlina, L. & T.S. Silitonga. 2011. Seleksi Lapang Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Padi terhadap Infeksi Hawar Daun Bakteri Strain IV dan VIII. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 17: 80-87

Hong-Xing, X. U., Y. Ya-Jun, L. U. Yan-Hui, Z. Xu-Song, T. Jun-Ce, L. Feng-Xiang, & L. Zhong-Xian. 2017. Sustainable Management of Rice Insect Pests by Non-Chemical-Insecticide Technologies in China. Rice Science 24: 61–72.

IRRI (International Rice Research Institute). 2016. Rice Caseworm. International Rice Research Institute. Manila, Philippines. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest-management/insects/item/rice-caseworm, modified 10/10/2020.

Iswanto, E.H., U. Susanto, & A. Jamil. 2015. Perkembangan dan Tantangan Perakitan Varietas Tahan dalam Pengendalian Wereng Coklat di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 34: 187-193.

Jobin, L. & C. Coulombe. 1987. Multi-functional High Capacity Insect Trap. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC (US).

Kisimoto R. 1968. Yellow Pan Water Trap for Sampling the Smallbrown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (FALLEN), a Vector of the Rice stripe virus. Applied Entomology and Zoology 3: 37–48.

Kurniawati, N. & E. Martono. 2015. Peran Tumbuhan Berbunga sebagai Media Konservasi Artropoda Musuh Alami (The Role of Flowering Plants in Conserving Arthropod Natural Enemies). Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 19:53-58

Lestari,I. S. 2020. Keragaman Artropoda pada Pertanaman Padi Berbeda Varietas dan Perbaikan Layanan Ekosistem. Tesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta (ID). (unpublished).

Lu, Z., P. Zhu, G.M. Gurr, X. Zheng, G. Chen, & K. L. Heong. 2015. Rice Pest Management By Ecological Engineering: A Pioneering Attempt in China, p. 161–178. In K. L. Heong, J. Cheng, & M. M. Escalada (eds.), Rice Planthoppers. Springer, Dordrecht (NL).

Lu.Y., Y. Bei & J. Zhang. 2012. Are Yellow Sticky Traps an Effective Method for Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in the Greenhouse of Fields? Journal of Insect Science 113: 1–12.

Mackill. D. J & G. S. Khush. 2018. IR64: A High-quality and High-yielding Mega Variety. Rice 11: 18.

Mahrub, E. 1999. Kajian Keanekaragaman Artropodapada Lahan Padi Sawah Tanpa Pestisida dan Manfaatnya dalam Pengendalian Hama Terpadu. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 5: 35–41

Maisyaroh, W., B. Yanuwiadi, A.S. Leksono, & P.G. Zulfaidah. 2012. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Natural Enemies Visiting Refugia in a Paddy Field Area in Malang. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 34: 67–74.

Matsukura, K., K. Yoshida, & M. Matsumura. 2011. Efficient Monitoring of Maize Orange Leafhopper, Cicadulina bipunctata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Journal Applied Entomology and Zoology 46: 585-591.

Matteson, P. C. 2000. Insect Pest Management in Tropical Asian Irrigated Rice. Annual Review of Entomology 45: 549–574.

McAlpine, J.F., B.V. Peterson, G.E. Shewell, H.J. Teskey, J.R. Vockeroth, & D.M.Wood. 1981. Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume I. Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Service, Canada. 648 p.

McAlpine, J.F., B.V. Peterson, G.E. Shewell, H.J. Teskey, J.R. Vockeroth, & D.M.Wood. 1983. Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume II. Canadian Communication Group-Publishing Centre Supply and Service, Canada. 668 p.

Muslim, A., R. Permatasari, & A. Mazid. 2012. Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Padi Rawa Lebak terhadap Penyakit Hawar Upih yang Disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal 1: 163-169.

Odum, E.P. 1994. Dasar-Dasar Ekologi. Edisi ketiga. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta (ID). 697 p.

Ovawanda. E.A., Witjaksono & Y. A. Trisyono. 2016. Insect Biodiversity in Organic and Non-Organic Rice Ecosystem in the District of Bantul. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 20: 15–21.

Rahaman, M. M., K.S. Islam, & M. Jahan. 2018. Rice Farmers’ Knowledge of the Risks of Pesticide Used in Bangladesh. Journal of Health & Pollution 20: 1–9.

Ruminta, S. Rosniawaty, & A. Wahyudin. 2016. Pengujian Sensivitas dan Daya Adaptasi Tujuh Varietas Padi di Wilayah Dataran Medium Jatinangor. Jurnal Kultivasi 15: 114–120.

Pathak, M. D. 1968. Ecology of Common Insect Pests of Rice. Annual Review of Entomology 13: 257–294.

Pinto-Zevallos, D. M. & I. Vänninen. 2013. Yellow Sticky Traps for Decision-making in Whitefly Management: What has been achieved? Crop Protection, 47: 74–84.

Pradhana, A. I., G. Mudjiono, & S. Karindah, S. 2014. Keanekaragaman Serangga dan Laba-laba pada Pertanaman Padi Organik dan Konvensional. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan 2: 58–66.

Siewers. J., J. Schirmel & S. Buchholz. 2014. The Efficiency of Pitfall Traps as a Method of Sampling Epigeal Arthropods in Litter Rich Forest Habitats. European Journal of Entomology 111: 69–74.

Siregar. A. Z & I. R. Matondang. 2017. Biodiversity Insect Used Three Traps of Upland Rice Fields in Simalungun Distric. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research 6: 90–95.

Xu. D. M, L. Z. Sheng, L. Y. Fang. & Y. M. Sheng. 2004. Structure and Characteristics of Parasitoid Communities in a Rice Field and Adjacent Weed Habitat. Biodiversity Science 3: 312–318 (Abstract).

Tarno. H., E. D. Septia, & L. Q. Aini. 2016. Microbial Community Associated with Ambrocia Beetle, Euplatypus parallelus on Sonokembang, Pterocarpius indicus in Malang. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 38: 312–320.

Yuan. X., W. W. Zhou, Y. D. Jiang, H. Yu, S. Y. Wo, Y. L. Gao, J. Cheng, & Z. R. Zhu. 2019. Organic Regime Promotes Evenness of Natural Enemies and Planthopper Control in Paddy Fields. Environmental Entomology 48: 318–325.

Zakaria, F., Suparni, & M. Baehaki. 2019. Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Dem Area Budidaya Tanaman Sehat. Edisi Revisi. Direktorat Perlindungan Tanaman Pangan. Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan, Jakarta (ID). 91 p.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.58587

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3024 | views : 1944

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.  

View website statistics