* Corresponding Author
Simulation of Nitrogen Release from Chitosan/Local Organic Fertilizer Composite as Slow-Release Fertilizer
https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.50341 Alit Istiani(1), Yuni Kusumastuti(2*), Rochmadi rochmadi(3)
(1) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
(2) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
(3) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The application of conventional fertilizer, especially for inorganic fertilizer, has low efficiency due to the fast release of its nutrients into the environment. Also, it has a high operating cost caused by multiple fertilization processes in one of the planting periods. One of the possibilities to overcome this limitation is applying organic fertilizer as a slow-release fertilizer (SRF). The objective of this research is to prepare SRF by modifying the formulation of local organic fertilizer with chitosan as a binder. The rate of the nitrogen release was studied and simulated with MATLAB. The result shows that the nitrogen loss by water leaching decreased up to 85% in chitosan/organic fertilizer rather than the fertilizer without chitosan. By MATLAB simulation, the release of nitrogen has followed the proposed mathematical model in which the mass transfer occurred dominated by diffusion mechanism with the diffusivity coefficient of 1.61x10-5 cm2/s.
Keywords: chitosan; organic fertilizer; slow-release fertilizer
A B S T R A K
Penggunaan pupuk anorganik masih memiliki efisiensi rendah yang disebabkan oleh cepatnya pelepasan nutrisi pupuk ke lingkungan sehingga nutrisi tersebut tidak dapat terserap baik oleh tanaman. Selain itu, aplikasi pupuk anorganik yang berulang dalam satu periode tanam berdampak pada peningkatan biaya operasional. Salah satu metode untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan pupuk lepas lambat (slow-release fertilizer) atau dengan menggunakan pupuk organik. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan mengombinasikan dua metode tersebut yaitu dengan memodifikasi formulasi dari pupuk organik lokal dengan penambahan kitosan sehingga dapat diperoleh pupuk organik yang memiliki sifat lepas lambat. Laju pelepasan nitrogen dari pupuk yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis dan disimulasikan dengan software MATLAB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nitrogen yang hilang pada komposit pupuk organik-kitosan melalui water leaching menurun hingga 85% jika dibandingkan dengan komposit pupuk organik tanpa kitosan. Hasil simulasi MATLAB juga menunjukkan bahwa laju pelepasan nitrogen pada pupuk mengikuti model matematika yang diusulkan yaitu dengan mekanisme difusi, nilai koefisien difusivitas yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 1,61×10-5 cm2/s.
Kata kunci: kitosan; pupuk lepas lambat; pupuk organik
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Akmaz, S., Dilaver, E., Ad, J., Yasar, M. and Erguven, O., 2013, The effect of Ag content of the chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite material on the structure and antibacterial activity, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2013, 12–18.
Al-Zahrani, S.M., 1999, Controlled-release of fertilizers: modelling and simulation, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 37, 1299–1307.
Bi, S., Barinelli, V. and Sobkowicz, M.J., 2020, Degradable controlled release fertilizer composite prepared via extrusion: Fabrication, characterization, and release mechanisms, Polymers, 12, 301.
Chen, X., Wo, F., Chen, C. and Fang, K., 2010, Seasonal changes in the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage and groundwater of the Taihu Lake region of China, Environ. Monit. Assess., 169, 159–168.
Fairhurst, T., 2012, Handbook for Integrated Soil Fertility Management, Africa Soil Health Consortium, Nairobi.
França, D., Fracon, Â., Luiz, L. and Souza, C.F., 2018, Chitosan spray-dried microcapsule and microsphere as fertilizer host for swellable−controlled release materials, Carbohydr. Polym., 196, 47–55.
Hui, L.I., Wen-ting, F., Xin-hua, H.E., Ping, Z.H.U., Hong-jun, G.A.O., Nan, S.U.N. and Ming-gang, X.U., 2017, Chemical fertilizers could be completely replaced by manure to maintain high maize yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) when SOC reaches a threshold in the Northeast China Plain, J. Integr. Agric., 16 (4), 937–946.
Jannoura, R., Georg, R. and Bruns, C., 2014, Organic fertilizer effects on growth, crop yield, and soil microbial biomass indices in sole and intercropped peas and oats under organic farming conditions, Eur. J. Agron., 52, 259–270.
Khaliq, A., Abbasi, M.K. and Hussain, T., 2006, Effects of integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources with effective microorganisms (EM) on seed cotton yield in Pakistan, Bioresour Technol., 97, 967–972.
Kusumastuti, Y., Istiani, A. and Purnomo, C.W., 2019, Chitosan-based polyion multilayer coating on NPK fertilizer as controlled release fertilizer, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, 2958021
Lee, D.W., Lim, C., Israelachvili, J.N. and Hwang, D.S., 2013, Strong adhesion and cohesion of chitosan in aqueous solutions, Langmuir, 29 (46) 14222–14229
Liu, C., Li, F., Zhou, L., Zhang, R., Lin, S., Wang, L., Siddique, K.H.M., et al., 2013, Effect of organic manure and fertilizer on soil water and crop yields in newly-built terraces with loess soils in a semi-arid environment, Agric. Water Manag., 117, 123–132.
Mardyaningsih, M., Leki, A. and Rerung, O.D., 2014, Pembuatan kitosan dari kulit dan kepala udang laut perairan kupang sebagai pengawet ikan teri segar, Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 8 (2), 69–75.
Mati-baouche, N., Elchinger, P., Baynast, H. De, Pierre, G., Delattre, C. and Michaud, P., 2014, Chitosan as an adhesive, Eur. Polym. J., 60, 198–213.
Mózner, Z., Tabi, A. and Csutora, M., 2012, Modifying the yield factor based on more efficient use of fertilizer — The environmental impacts of intensive and extensive agricultural practices, Ecol. Indic., 16, 58–66.
Peppas, N. and Sahlin, J., 1989, A simple equation for the description of solute release. III. Coupling of diffusion and relaxation, International J. Pharm., 57, 169–172.
Purnomo, C.W., Respito, A., Sitanggang, E.P. and Mulyono, P., 2018, Slow-release fertilizer preparation from sugarcane industrial waste, Environ. Technol. Innov., 10, 275–280.
Rinaudo, M., 2006, Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications, Prog. Polym. Sci., 31, 603–632.
Saigusa, M. and Ombodi, A., 2020, Broadcast application versus band application of polyolefin‐coated fertilizer on green peppers grown on andisol, J. Plant Nutr., 23 (10), 1485-1493
Sempeho, S.I., Kim, H.T., Mubofu, E. and Hilonga, A., 2014, Meticulous overview on the controlled release fertilizers, Advances in Chemistry, 2014, 363071
Smith, L.E.D. and Siciliano, G., 2015, A comprehensive review of constraints to improved management of fertilizers in China and mitigation of diffuse water pollution from agriculture, Agriculture, Ecosyst. Environ., 209, 15-25
Trenkel, M.E., 2010, Slow- and Controlled-Release and Stabilized Fertilizers: An Option for Enhancing Nutrient Use Efficiency in Agriculture, 2nd ed., International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA), Paris, France.
Trinh, T.H. and Kushaari, K., 2016, Dynamic of water absorption in controlled release fertilizer and its relationship with the release of nutrient, Procedia Eng., 148, 319–326.
Upadrashta, S.M., Katikaneni, P.R., Hileman, G.A. and Keshary, P.R., 1993, Direct compression-controlled release tablets using ethyl cellulose matrices, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 19 (4), 449–460.
Uphoff, N. and Dazzo, F.B., 2016, Making rice production more environmentally friendly, Environments, 3 (2), 12.
Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Zhang, S. and Wang, Y., 2018, What could promote farmers to replace chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers?, J. Clean. Prod., 199, 882–890.
Zhang, M., Tian, Y., Zhao, M., Yin, B. and Zhu, Z., 2017, The assessment of nitrate leaching in a rice – wheat rotation system using an improved agronomic practice aimed to increase rice crop yields, Agriculture, Ecosyst. Environ., 241, 100–109.
Zhang, M., Yao, Y., Tian, Y., Ceng, K., Zhao, M., Zhao, M. and Yin, B., 2018, Field crops research increasing yield and N use efficiency with organic fertilizer in Chinese intensive rice cropping systems, F. Crop. Res., 227 102–109.
Zhao, J., Ni, T., Li, J., Lu, Q., Fang, Z. and Huang, Q., 2016, Effects of organic – inorganic compound fertilizer with reduced chemical fertilizer application on crop yields, soil biological activity and bacterial community structure in a rice – wheat cropping system, Appl. Soil Ecol., 99, 1–12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.50341
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3180
| 
views : 2292
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 The authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.