Pengaruh Konsentrasi Katalisator dan Rasio Bahan terhadap Kualitas Biodiesel dari Minyak Kelapa
Erna Astuti(1*)
(1) 
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Kebutuhan energi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu perlu pengembangan energi alternatif , salah satunya adalah biodiesel. Indonesia sebagai negara penghasil minyak nabati terbesar dunia, juga sebagai negara penghasil minyak kelapa relatif besar dunia mempunyai peluang untuk menghasilkan dan memainkan peranan penting dalam produksi bahan bakar biodiesel. Di antara berbagai jenis minyak nabati, minyak kelapa mempunyai peluang besar untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan biodisel. Penelitian dilakukan dalam labu leher tiga yang dilengkapi motor pengaduk dan termometer. Reaksi transesterifikasi diawali dengan mencampur minyak kelapa yang telah dipanaskan dengan campuran etanol dan katalisator KOH. Reaksi dilakukan selama dua jam dengan variabel proses konsentrasi katalisator 0,65 – 0,95 % b/v dan rasio minyak kelapa/etanol antara 2:1 dan 6:1. Kemudian dilakukan pemisahan biodiesel dari gliserol dan pengeringan. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji sifat biodiesel rapat massa, viskositas, cloud point, flash point dan angka asam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil minyak destilat yang relatif baik dan yang masuk dalam spesifikasi standar dan mutu biodiesel diperoleh pada pada konsentrasi katalisator KOH 0,75 – 0,90 %b/v dan rasio minyak kelapa/etanol 3:1 – 5:1.
Kata kunci: energi alternatif, biodiesel, transesterifikasi, rasio bahan, standar mutu
The demand for energy in Indonesia has increased very fast in the recent years in the midst of fossil oil depletion. A lot of effort has been carried out to find alternative energies. One of the promising alternative energies is biodiesel. Indonesia, as the largest producer of vegetable oil in the world, has an opportunity to play a significant role as a biodiesel producer. Among various vegetable oils, coconut oil is a potential raw material in biodiesel production. The process was carried out in a three-neck round bottom flask equipped with motor stirrer and thermometer. The trans-esterification reaction was conducted by mixing heated coconut oil with a mixture of ethanol and KOH catalyst for two hours. The process variables studied in the present work were catalyst concentration and coconut oil – ethanol ratio. At the optimal condition when the KOH concentration in a range of 0.75-0.90% w/v and a coconut oil – ethanol ratio of 3:1 -5:1, the process produce biodiesel that meets the standard.
Key words: alternative energy, biodiesel, trans-esterification, reactant ratio, quality assurance
Kata kunci: energi alternatif, biodiesel, transesterifikasi, rasio bahan, standar mutu
The demand for energy in Indonesia has increased very fast in the recent years in the midst of fossil oil depletion. A lot of effort has been carried out to find alternative energies. One of the promising alternative energies is biodiesel. Indonesia, as the largest producer of vegetable oil in the world, has an opportunity to play a significant role as a biodiesel producer. Among various vegetable oils, coconut oil is a potential raw material in biodiesel production. The process was carried out in a three-neck round bottom flask equipped with motor stirrer and thermometer. The trans-esterification reaction was conducted by mixing heated coconut oil with a mixture of ethanol and KOH catalyst for two hours. The process variables studied in the present work were catalyst concentration and coconut oil – ethanol ratio. At the optimal condition when the KOH concentration in a range of 0.75-0.90% w/v and a coconut oil – ethanol ratio of 3:1 -5:1, the process produce biodiesel that meets the standard.
Key words: alternative energy, biodiesel, trans-esterification, reactant ratio, quality assurance
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.548
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