Adsorption study of mango peel activated carbon as iron removal for batik waste industry

https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.69404

Agung Nugroho(1*), Nur Layli Amanah(2), Revo Gilang Firdaus(3)

(1) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta, 12220, Indonesia
(2) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
(3) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta, 12220, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


A B S T R A C T

Mango peel waste which has a carbon functional group was converted to activated carbon. The as-synthesized activated carbon (AC) was then utilized as an adsorbent for batik waste which contains heavy metal substances such as Fe2+. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum process variation in absorbing heavy metal ion Fe contained in batik waste. Four variation methods of activated carbon synthesis were explored to determine the most suitable method of AC synthesis. The results showed that the sample synthesized using a combination physical-chemical-physical process was the best process variation resulting in percentage removal of Fe2+ of 84.81%. FTIR showed that the functional groups in mango peel were visible for all variations of the process, namely hydroxyl (-OH) derived from cellulose and hemicellulose and carboxyl (-COOH) derived from pectin. The adsorption study showed that the most suitable isotherm for all process variations was Langmuir with an R2 value of 0.9999 for the MPAC-4 sample. The adsorption mechanism is physisorption with a value of E < 8 kJ/mol based on the D-R isotherm and has the largest adsorption capacity of Qmax 8.2 mg/g.

Keywords: batik waste; adsorption; activated carbon; iron waste; mango peel

ABSTRAK

Limbah kulit mangga yang memiliki gugus fungsi karbon dapat dikonversi menjadi karbon aktif. Karbon aktif hasil sintesis (AC) tersebut selanjutnya dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben limbah batik yang mengandung zat logam berat seperti Fe2+. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi proses optimum dalam menyerap ion logam berat Fe yang terkandung dalam limbah batik. Terdapat 4 variasi metode sintesis karbon aktif yang diteliti untuk menentukan metode sintesis AC yang paling cocok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang disintesis menggunakan kombinasi proses fisika-kimia-fisika merupakan variasi proses terbaik dengan persentase penyisihan Fe2+ sebesar 84,81%. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi pada kulit mangga terlihat untuk semua variasi proses, yaitu hidroksil (-OH) yang berasal dari selulosa dan hemiselulosa dan karboksil (-COOH) yang berasal dari pektin. Studi adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa isoterm yang paling cocok untuk semua variasi proses adalah Langmuir dengan nilai R2 = 0,9999 untuk sampel MPAC-4. Mekanisme adsorpsi adalah fisisorpsi dengan nilai E < 8 kJ/mol berdasarkan isoterm DR dan memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi terbesar Qmax 8,2 mg/g.

Kata kunci: limbah batik; adsorpsi; karbon aktif; limbah besi; kulit mangga



Keywords


batik waste; adsorption; activated carbon; iron waste; mango peel

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abdel Salam OE, Reiad NA, ElShafei MM. 2011. A study of the removal characteristics of heavy metals from wastewater by low-cost adsorbents. Journal of Advanced Research. 2(4):297–303. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare .2011.01.008.

Ajmal M, Ali Khan Rao R, Anwar S, Ahmad J, Ahmad R. 2003. Adsorption studies on rice husk: removal and recovery of Cd(II) from wastewater. Bioresource Technology. 86(2):147–149. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524 (02)00159-1.

Barakat MA. 2011. New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 4(4):361–377. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc .2010.07.019.

Budiyanto S, Anies, Purnaweni H, Sunoko H. 2018. Environmental Analysis of The Impacts of Batik Waste Water Polution on The Quality of Dug Well Water in The Batik Industrial Center of Jenggot Pekalongan City. E3S Web of Conferences. 31:9008. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20183109008.

Correia LB, Fiuza RA, de Andrade RC, Andrade HMC. 2018. CO2 capture on activated carbons derived from mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) seed shells. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 131(1):579–586. doi:10.1007/s1 0973-017-6542-7.

Desalegn B, Megharaj M, Chen Z, Naidu R. 2019. Green synthesis of zero valent iron nanoparticle using mango peel extract and surface characterization using XPS and GCMS. Heliyon. 5(5):e01750. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heli yon.2019.e01750.

Fiol N, Villaescusa I, Martínez M, Miralles N, Poch J, Serarols J. 2006. SorptionofPb(II),Ni(II),Cu(II)andCd(II)fromaqueous solution by olive stone waste. Separation and Purification Technology. 50(1):132–140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.seppur.2005.11.016.

Ghosh A, Chakravorty D, Rahaman M, Bose S. 2019. Efficiency of Mango Peel Derived Activated Carbon Prepared via Different Routes as Adsorbent for Rhodamine B BT - Waste Water Recycling and Management. Singapore: Springer Singapore. p. 111–122.

Gunatilake S. 2015. Methods of Removing Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater. Journal of Multidiciplinary Engineering Science Studies. 1.

Iqbal M, Saeed A, Zafar SI. 2009. FTIR spectrophotometry, kinetics and adsorption isotherms modeling, ion exchange, and EDX analysis for understanding the mechanism of Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal by mango peel waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 164(1):161–171. doi:https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.141.

Kadirvelu K, Kavipriya M, Karthika C, Radhika M, Vennilamani N, Pattabhi S. 2003. Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions. Bioresource Technology. 87(1):129–132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00201-8.

KhanFSA,MubarakNM,TanYH,KarriRR,KhalidM,Walvekar R,AbdullahEC,MazariSA,NizamuddinS.2020. Magnetic nanoparticles incorporation into different substrates for dyes and heavy metals removal—A Review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 27(35):43526–43541. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-10482-z.

Mohan D, Singh KP. 2002. Single- and multi-component adsorption of cadmium and zinc using activated carbon derived from bagasse—an agricultural waste. Water Research. 36(9):2304–2318. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0 043-1354(01)00447-X.

Orozco R, Hernández P, Morales G, Núñez FU, Villafuerte JO, Lugo VL, Ramírez N, Díaz C, Vázquez PC. 2014. Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Waste as an Alternative Feedstock for Bioethanol Production. Bioresources. 9:1873–1885.

RajeshkannanR,ManivasaganR,NatarajanR.2011. Decolourization of malachite green using tamarind seed: Optimization, isotherm and kinetic studies. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly. 17. doi:10.2298/ CICEQ100716056R.

Sheth Y, Dharaskar S, Khalid M, Sonawane S. 2021. An environment friendly approach for heavy metal removal from industrial wastewater using chitosan based biosorbent: A review. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 43:100951. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2 020.100951.

Tan WT, Ooi ST, Lee CK. 1993. Removal of chromium(VI) from solution by coconut husk and palm pressed fibres. Environmental Technology. 14(3):277–282. doi:10.1080/0959 3339309385290.

Wang Z, Nie E, Li J, Yang M, Zhao Y, Luo X, Zheng Z. 2012. Equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption of phosphate onto iron-doped activated carbon. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 19(7):2908–2917. doi:10.1007/s1 1356-012-0799-y



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.69404

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2417 | views : 2119

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 The authors

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.