Effect of salt concentration on the properties of electrolyzed reducing water (ERW) and electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW): an empirical correlation study

https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.69673

Laras Prasakti(1), Billy Dion Yogihaz(2), Lukman Subekti(3), Anton Sujarwo(4), Agus Prasetya(5*)

(1) Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
(2) Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
(3) Departemen Teknik Elektro, Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Gadjah Mada, TILC Building, Blimbing Sari, Caturtunggal, Depok Sleman Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
(4) Departemen Teknik Sipil, Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Yacaranda Sekip Unit IV, Bulaksumur, Blimbing Sari, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
(5) Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This research aimed to examine the effect of NaCl concentration on the pH and Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) values of both EOW and ERW products. The experiment was conducted using distilled water. The electrolysis apparatus consisted of anode and cathode chambers. The chambers were connected by a tube filled with a cotton (or a fabric). Both electrodes (anode and cathode) were made of titanium and formed as a spiral. Electrolysis was performed for 780 minutes, and the pH and ORP values of both EOW and ERW were measured every time. Sodium chloride concentration was varied for 0, 100, and 200 ppm. Experimental results revealed that the higher the NaCl concentration, the higher ERW’s pH rise and the lower the EOW’s pH. Similar results were found for ORP. ERW’s ORP was lowered while EOW’s ORP rose with the increase in NaCl concentration. This study could also generate a mathematical model that correlates pH and time during the electrolysis process. The model was developed by connecting with a simple polynomial. A similar approach was used to develop the model that correlates pH and ORP value.


Keywords


electrolysis; electrolyzed water; electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW); electrolyzed reducing water (ERW), ORP

Full Text:

PDF


References

Al-Haq MI, Ugiyama JS, Sobe SI. 2005. Applications of Electrolyzed Water in Agriculture & Food Industries. Food Sci. Technol. Res.. 11(2):16. doi:10.3136/fstr.11.135.

Ampiaw RE, Yaqub M, Lee W. 2021. Electrolyzed water as a disinfectant: A systematic review of factors affecting the production and efficiency of hypochlorous acid. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 43(May):102228. doi:10.101 6/j.jwpe.2021.102228.

Cao W, Zhu ZW, Shi ZX, Wang CY, Li BM. 2009. Efficiency of slightly acidic electrolyzed water for inactivation of Salmonella enteritidis and its contaminated shell eggs. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 130(2):88–93. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.021.

Chakik Fe, Kaddami M, Mikou M. 2017. Effect of operating parameters on hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 42(40):25550–25557. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.015.

Fukuzaki S. 2006. Mechanisms of actions of sodium hypochlorite in cleaning and disinfection processes. Bio-control Science. 11(4):147–157. doi:10.4265/bio.11.147.

Hsu SY. 2005. Effects of flow rate, temperature and salt concentration on chemical and physical properties of electrolyzed oxidizing water. Journal of Food Engineering. 66(2):171–176. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.03.003.

Kang KM, Kang YN, Choi IB, Gu Y, Kawamura T, Toyoda Y, Nakao A. 2011. Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors. Medical Gas Research. 1(1):11. doi: 10.1186/2045-9912-1-11.

Kim HJ, Tango CN, Chelliah R, Oh DH. 2019. Sanitization Efficacy of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water against pure cultures of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus spores, in Comparison with Different Water Hardness. Scientific Reports. 9(1):1–14. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-4 0846-6.

Liu Y, Wang J, Zhu X, Liu Y, Cheng M, Xing W, Wan Y, Li N, Yang L, Song P. 2021. Effects of electrolyzed water treatment on pesticide removal and texture quality in freshcut cabbage, broccoli, and color pepper. Food Chemistry. 353(February). doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129408.

Moore JW, Stanitski CL, Jurs PC. 2001. Chemistry: The molecular science. 4th edition. volume 78. Belmont: Mc- Graw Hill. doi:10.1021/ed078p1598.

Pangloli P, Hung YC. 2013. Effects of water hardness and pH on efficacy of chlorine-based sanitizers for inactivating Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control. 32(2):626–631. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013. 01.044.

Rahman SME, Khan I, Oh Dh. 2016. Electrolyzed Water as a Novel Sanitizer in the Food Industry : Current Trends and Future Perspectives. 15:471–490. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12 200.

Shirahata S, Hamasaki T, Teruya K. 2012. Advanced research on the health benefit of reduced water. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 23(2):124–131. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2 011.10.009.

Sim M, Kim CS, Shon WJ, Lee YK, Choi EY, Shin DM. 2020. Hydrogen-rich water reduces inflammatory responses and prevents apoptosis of peripheral blood cells in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Scientific Reports. 10(1):2–11. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68930-2.

Su YC, Liu C, Hung YC. 2007. Electrolyzed water: Principles and applications. ACS Symposium Series. 967:309–322. doi:10.1021/bk-2007-0967.ch014.

Syaichurrozi I, Sarto S, Sediawan WB, Hidayat M. 2021. The new mechanistic model to illustrate the complex phenomena in electrocoagulation process of vinasse. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 30(4):3249–3259. doi:10.15244/pjoes/130906.

Yao HT, Yang YH, Li ML. 2019. Intake of molecular hydrogen in drinking water increases membrane transporters, P-glycoprotein, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 without affecting xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Molecules. 24(14):1–12. doi:10.3390/ molecules24142627.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.69673

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1075 | views : 644

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 The authors

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Rekayasa Proses  (print ISSN 1978-287X; online ISSN 2549-1490) is published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada. View website statistics.