Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli  Isolated from Subclinical Mastitis Milk of Dairy Cows and Goats in East Java, Indonesia

Desy Cahya Widyaningrum; Faisal Syaifudin; Hardian Susilo Addy; Roni Yulianto; Nur Widodo; Purnaning Dhian Isnaeni; Himmatul Khasanah

doi:10.22146/jsv.109566

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Subclinical Mastitis Milk of Dairy Cows and Goats in East Java, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.109566

Desy Cahya Widyaningrum⁽¹⁾, Faisal Syaifudin⁽²⁾, Hardian Susilo Addy⁽³⁾, Roni Yulianto⁽⁴⁾, Nur Widodo⁽⁵⁾, Purnaning Dhian Isnaeni⁽⁶⁾, Himmatul Khasanah^(7*)

(1) Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl Kalimantan No 37 Jember, 68121
(2) Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl Kalimantan No 37 Jember, 68121
(3) Study Program of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl Kalimantan No 37 Jember, 68121
(4) Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl Kalimantan No 37 Jember, 68121
(5) Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl Kalimantan No 37 Jember, 68121
(6) Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl Kalimantan No 37 Jember, 68121
(7) Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl Kalimantan No 37 Jember, 68121
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Mastitis frequently affects lactating livestock, and the main treatment administered is the use of antibiotics; however, this will have negative effects if continuously carried out over a long period. [MD1] One of the bacteria that causes mastitis in dairy animals is E. coli. The study aimed to analyse antibiotic susceptibility in E. coli isolated from goat and cow milk from animals with subclinical mastitis. This study used a cross-sectional design to collect milk samples from dairy cattle and goat farmers in several districts of East Java. The identification of mastitis in cattle was performed using the California Mastitis Test. E. coli culture was performed using Nutrient Agar media, followed by the use of EMBA as selective media. A single E. coli colony was selected and adjusted to an optical density (OD) of 0.08–0.1 at 625 nm using a spectrophotometer. Ten cow milk isolates and six goat milk isolates were tested using the disk diffusion method against tetracycline, gentamicin, penicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin. Tetracycline and gentamicin were interpreted using inhibition-zone criteria, whereas penicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin were evaluated descriptively based on inhibition-zone diameter. Among cow milk isolates, tetracycline showed the highest proportion of susceptible isolates, with 50% (5/10) classified as susceptible, followed by gentamicin at 30% (3/10). Among goat milk isolates, tetracycline showed the highest susceptibility at 50% (3/6), while gentamicin showed 33.3% (2/6) susceptibility. Penicillin produced inhibition zones from 0.00–0.57 mm in cow isolates and 0.00–11.11 mm in goat isolates. Oxacillin produced zones of 0.00–28.33 mm and 0.00–13.78 mm, while erythromycin produced zones of 0.00–22.30 mm and 0.00–13.88 mm in cow and goat isolates, respectively. E. coli isolates from SCM milk showed varying responses to the antibiotics tested. Tetracycline exhibited the highest proportion of susceptible isolates in both cow and goat milk. These findings highlight the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing for monitoring antimicrobial resistance and supporting the appropriate use of antimicrobials in dairy production.

Keywords

antibiotics; bacterial resistancy; dairy; mastitis milk.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Agatha, T.M., Wibawati, P.A., Izulhaq, R.I., Agustono, B., Prastiya, R.A., Wardhana, D.K., Abdramanov, A., Lokapirnasari, W.P. and Lamid, M. (2023). Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli from the Milk of Ettawa Crossbred Dairy Goats in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Veterinary World. 16 (1): 168–174. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.168-174.

Ait-Mimoune, N., Hassaine, H. and Boulanoir, M. (2022). Bacteriological Profile of Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli in Algeria. Iranian Journal of Microbiology. 14 (2): 156–160.

Blum, S.E., Heller, E.D., Jacoby, S., Krifucks, O. and Leitner, G. (2017). Comparison of the Immune Responses Associated with Experimental Bovine Mastitis Caused by Different Strains of Escherichia coli. Journal of Dairy Research. 84 (2): 190–197. doi: 10.1017/S0022029917000206.

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2024). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals. 7th ed. CLSI Standard VET01S. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, Pennsylvania.

de Souza, H.D.F., Ferreira, P.F.A., Vianna, T.C.C., Santiago, G.S., Coelho, I.S., de Souza, M.M.S., Bianco, K. and Coelho, S.M.O. (2024). Is Green Metallic Sheen in EMB Agar Accurate to Assist the Escherichia coli Identification? Revista Pró-UniverSUS. 15 (4): 1–9. doi: 10.21727/rpu.15i4.4520.

Denamur, E., Clermont, O., Bonacorsi, S. and Gordon, D. (2021). The Population Genetics of Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 19: 37–54. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-0416-x.

Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Jawa Timur. (2023). Livestock Statistics Data of Pasuruan Regency. Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Retrieved September 7, 2024, from https://disnak.jatimprov.go.id/web/.

Efita, R., Ejikeugwu, C., Onu, E., Adonu, C., Ujam, N., Ugwu, M. and Adikwu, M.U. (2024). Multidrug Resistance and Susceptibility Profile of Outpatient Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 5 (2): 1–5. doi: 10.47485/2694-5614.1028.

Fymat, A.L. (2017). Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 1 (1): 65–80. doi: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000117.

Goulart, D.B. and Mellata, M. (2022). Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Challenges. Frontiers in Microbiology. 13: 928346. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928346.

Husen, F. and Ratnaningtyas, N.I. (2022). Inhibitory Test of Gentamicin Antibiotics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Using Disk Method. Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology. 10 (2): 126–131.

Jeremia, L., Deprez, B.E., Dey, D., Conn, G.L. and Wuest, W.M. (2023). Ribosome-Targeting Antibiotics and Resistance via Ribosomal RNA Methylation. RSC Medicinal Chemistry. 14 (4): 624–643. doi: 10.1039/D2MD00459C.

Jian, Z., Zeng, L., Xu, T., Sun, S., Yan, S., Yang, L., Huang, Y., Jia, J. and Dou, T. (2021). Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria: Occurrence, Spread, and Control. Journal of Basic Microbiology. 61 (12): 1049–1070. doi: 10.1002/jobm.202100201.

Juwita, R., Anggaeni, T.T.K. and Waskita, P.T. (2024). Profil Resistansi Antibiotik Escherichia coli dari Peternakan Sapi Perah Terintegrasi Pertanian di Lembang, Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Veteriner. 25 (3): 334–344.

Kadurugamuwa, J.L., Clarke, A.J. and Beveridge, T.J. (1993). Surface Action of Gentamicin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Bacteriology. 175 (18): 5798–5805.

Khasanah, H., Setyawan, H.B., Yulianto, R. and Widianingrum, D.C. (2021). Subclinical Mastitis: Prevalence and Risk Factors in Dairy Cows in East Java, Indonesia. Veterinary World. 14 (8): 2102–2108. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2102-2108.

Khasanah, H., Yulianto, R., Widodo, N., Widianingrum, D.C. and Rusdiana, R.Y. (2024). The Prevalence of Dairy Goat’s Subclinical Mastitis Related to Udder Morphology and Farming Management Practices. Jurnal Sain Veteriner. 42 (2): 158–168. doi: 10.22146/jsv.76090.

Khusainov, I., Romanov, N., Goemans, C.V., Turoňová, B., Zimmerli, C.E., Welsch, S., Langer, J.D., Typas, A. and Beck, M. (2024). Bactericidal Effect of Tetracycline in Escherichia coli Strain ED1a May Be Associated with Ribosome Dysfunction. Nature Communications. 15: 4783. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49084-5.

Kibebew, K. (2017). Bovine Mastitis: A Review of Causes and Epidemiological Point of View. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 7 (2): 1–14.

Lestari, D.S., Setiawan, B., Saputro, A.L., Mafruchati, M., Praja, R.N. and Prastiya, R.A. (2023). Isolation, Identification and Risk Factors of Escherichia coli Bacteria in Dairy Goat’s Milk Subclinical Mastitis in Siliragung District, Banyuwangi Regency. Journal of Basic Medical Veterinary. 12 (2): 62–67.

Lu, G., Chen, Q., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y. and Zhu, L. (2021). Status of Antibiotic Residues and Detection Techniques Used in Chinese Milk: A Systematic Review Based on Cross-Sectional Surveillance Data. Food Research International. 147: 110450. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110450.

Mancuso, G., Midiri, A., Gerace, E. and Biondo, C. (2021). Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance: The Most Critical Pathogens. Pathogens. 10 (10): 1310.

Mathew, A.G., Cissell, R. and Liamthong, S. (2007). Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria Associated with Food Animals: A United States Perspective of Livestock Production. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 4 (2): 115–133.

Merchel Piovesan Pereira, B., Wang, X. and Tagkopoulos, I. (2021). Biocide-Induced Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli. Frontiers in Microbiology. 12: 640923.

Mustika, Y.R., Effendi, M.H., Puspitasari, Y., Plumeriastuti, H., Khairullah, A.R. and Kinasih, K.N. (2024). Identification of Escherichia coli Multidrug Resistance in Cattle in Abattoirs. Jurnal Medik Veterinar. 7 (1): 19–32.

Nurhayati, I.S. and Martindah, E. (2015). Pengendalian Mastitis Subklinis melalui Pemberian Antibiotik Saat Periode Kering pada Sapi Perah. Wartazoa. 25 (2): 65–74.

Rifatbegović, M., Nicholas, R.A., Mutevelić, T., Hadžiomerović, M. and Maksimović, Z. (2024). Pathogens Associated with Bovine Mastitis: The Experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Veterinary Sciences. 11 (2): 63.

Seferoğlu, Y. and Kırkan, Ş. (2022). Bovine Escherichia coli Mastitis and Effects on Milk Microbiota. Animal Health Production and Hygiene. 11 (2): 56–65. doi: 10.53913/aduveterinary.1179963.

Siahaan, S., Herman, M.J. and Fitri, N. (2022). Antimicrobial Resistance Situation in Indonesia: A Challenge of Multisector and Global Coordination. Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2022: 2783300.

Stanek, P., Żółkiewski, P. and Januś, E. (2024). A Review on Mastitis in Dairy Cows Research: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Agriculture. 14 (8): 1292.

Suwito, W., Andriani, A. and Nugroho, W.S. (2019). Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri dari Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa (PE) Terjangkit Mastitis Subklinis di Kemiri Kebo, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 29 (1): 56–64.

Verma, H., Rawat, S., Sharma, N., Jaiswal, V., Singh, R. and Harshit, V. (2018). Prevalence, Bacterial Etiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bovine Mastitis in Meerut. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 6 (1): 706–709.

Virto, M., Santamarina-García, G., Amores, G. and Hernández, I. (2022). Antibiotics in Dairy Production: Where Is the Problem? Dairy. 3 (3): 541–564.

Widianingrum, D.C., Silaban, D.G., Fanata, W.I.D. and Khasanah, H. (2024). Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Subclinical Mastitis Milk in Dairy Cows and Goats, East Java Province. Veterinární Medicína. 69 (2): 35–41. doi: 10.17221/80/2023-VETMED.

Yaddi, Y.S. and Pasaribu, F. (2022). Gentamicin Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Cats. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Improving Tropical Animal Production for Food Security (ITAPS 2021). Advances in Biological Sciences Research. Vol. 20. Atlantis Press. pp. 467–471.

Zigo, F., Vasil, M., Ondrašovičová, S., Výrostková, J., Bujok, J. and Pecka-Kielb, E. (2021). Maintaining Optimal Mammary Gland Health and Prevention of Mastitis. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 8: 607311.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.109566