Keracunan Coklat (Theobroma Cacao) pada Anjing: Manajemen Terapi dan Pencegahan

Yanuartono Yanuartono; Alfarisa Nururrozi; Soedarmanto Indarjulianto; Slamet Raharjo; Hary Purnamaningsih; Nurman Haribowo

doi:10.22146/jsv.60154

Keracunan Coklat (Theobroma Cacao) pada Anjing: Manajemen Terapi dan Pencegahan

https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.60154

Yanuartono Yanuartono^(1*), Alfarisa Nururrozi⁽²⁾, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto⁽³⁾, Slamet Raharjo⁽⁴⁾, Hary Purnamaningsih⁽⁵⁾, Nurman Haribowo⁽⁶⁾

(1) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(5) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(6) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Chocolate poisoning has long been recognized as a common cause mostly in dogs, although many species are
susceptible. Contributing factors include indiscriminate eating habits and readily available sources of chocolate.
In general, the poisoning resulted from a lack of public knowledge of the health hazard to dogs that may be
imposed by these products. Chocolate is derived from the seeds of the plant Theobroma cacao, and the main toxic
components are the methylxanthine alkaloids theobromine and caffeine, causing gastrointestinal, cardiovascular
and central nervous signs. Diagnosis is based on history of exposure, along with clinical signs. Amphetamine or
cocaine toxicosis, and ingestion of antihistamines, antidepressants, or other CNS stimulants should be considered
in the differential diagnosis. Stabilization of symptomatic animals is a priority in treating chocolate toxicosis.
Although there is no specific antidote, supportive management includes induction of vomiting and administration
of activated charcoal, oxygen, and intravenous fluids. Preventing exposure is the key to reducing the incidence
of these poisoning episodes. Therefore, it is important to increase the knowledge of dogs owners with regard to
foodstuffs that must not be fed to dogs and should be stored outside their reach. This paper aims to briefly describe
the clinical symptoms, treatment and prevention of chocolate poisoning in dogs.

Keywords

antidote; chocolate; Theobroma cacao; toxicosis

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