Daya Saing Biji Kakao di Pasar Malaysia

https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.77200

Dwi Putri Jeng Ivo Nurun Nisa'(1), Darsono Darsono(2), Ernoiz Antriyandarti(3*)

(1) Magister Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(2) Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(3) Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Di pasar Malaysia, biji kakao Indonesia bersaing dengan biji kakao dari negara-negara di Afrika Barat yang memiliki standar kualitas yang tinggi dan lebih disukai oleh konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai ekspor, produksi, produktivitas kakao, posisi perdagangan dan daya saing biji kakao Indonesia dengan pesaingnya di negara-negara Afrika Barat (Pantai Gading, Ghana, dan Nigeria). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), dan X-Model. Data yang digunakan adalah dari tahun 2000 - 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa posisi perdagangan biji kakao di Indonesia, Pantai Gading, dan Ghana berada pada posisi pertumbuhan ekspor (nilai TSI meningkat antara 0-1). Sementara itu, Nigeria berada pada posisi kematangan ekspor (nilai ISP menurun antara 0 - 1). Rata-rata indeks RCA biji kakao: a). Indonesia = 3,92 ; b). Pantai Gading = 1,44; c). Ghana = 7,28; dan d). Nigeria = 173,13. Berdasarkan hasil EPD, Indonesia berada di posisi Lost Oppurtunity, Pantai Gading di posisi Falling Star, Ghana di posisi Retreat, dan Nigeria di posisi Rising Star.


Keywords


Ekspor Biji Kakao; Export Dynamic Product; Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan; Revealed Comparative Advantages; X-Model

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.77200

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