Kejadian Adverse Drug Reactions Terapi Antihipertensi pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronis: Tinjauan Naratif

https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v22i1.109400

Ummul Fadilah(1*), Probosuseno Probosuseno(2), Agung Endro Nugroho(3)

(1) Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
(2) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Divisi Geriatri, FKKMK, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Hipertensi merupakan salah satu faktor utama penyebab terjadinya Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), dimana tekanan darah yang tidak terkontrol dapat merusak pembuluh darah ginjal dan mengurangi kemampuan ginjal dalam menyaring limbah tubuh. Pasien CKD berisiko mengalami ADR akibat penumpukan obat dalam tubuh akibat terjadinya penurunan fungsi ginjal. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada fisiologi dan komorbiditas yang berpengaruh pada perubahan dalam respon farmakologis yang dapat meningkatkan terjadinya ADR akibat penggunaan obat-obatan secara bersamaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merangkum dan membahas bukti-bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai efek samping yang diinduksi oleh berbagai kelas obat antihipertensi pada pasien dengan gagal ginjal kronis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui tinjauan naratif yang dilakukan dengan empat tahap, yaoitu penentuan kata kunci, kriteria inklusi dan esklusi, seleksi literatur, serta analisis hasil. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database Scopus, Pubmed, dan Science Direct. Berdasarkan review yang dilakukan diperoleh bahwa pemilihan antihipertensi pada CKD harus bersifat individual. Inhibitor RAS sebaiknya dipertahankan dengan pengelolaan hiperkalemia. Diuretik dan CCB memiliki peran sesuai kebutuhan dan profil keamanan. Pendekatan berbasis kondisi pasien diperlukan untuk hasil yang optimal.

Keywords


Chronic Kidney Disease; Antihipertensi; Adverse Drug Reaction

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v22i1.109400

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