Sustainable Pharmacutical Excipients Drom Indonesia: A Scooping Review

https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v22i2.116458

Heka Mareta Nugraheni(1*), Mega Dannyingdyah Primartati(2)

(1) institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata
(2) Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Ketergantungan industri farmasi terhadap eksipien sintetis menimbulkan kekhawatiran terkait dampak lingkungan dan keamanan, seperti sifat tidak mudah terurai dan potensi reaksi hipersensitivitas. Eksipien Farmasi Berkelanjutan (SPE) yang berasal dari limbah tanaman alami menawarkan alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Indonesia memiliki biomassa pertanian yang berlimpah dengan potensi besar untuk pengembangan SPE. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan penelitian terkait konversi limbah tanaman Indonesia menjadi eksipien farmasi serta mengidentifikasi ketidakseimbangan penelitian yang ada.

Scooping review dilakukan pada basis data Scopus, PubMed, dan Lens.org mengikuti pedoman PRISMA hingga tahun 2025. Data yang diekstraksi mencakup tanaman, jenis eksipien, metode pengolahan, aplikasi farmasi, dan aspek keracunan, kemudian dianalisis secara naratif. Sebanyak lima studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dengan pemanfaatan limbah kulit pisang, eceng gondok, bonggol nanas, umbi singkong pembohong, dan purun tikus. Limbah tersebut diolah menjadi pektin, pati termodifikasi, selulosa, dan mikrokristalin selulosa, terutama melalui metode enzimatik atau mikroba. Karakterisasi fisikokimia umumnya dilakukan secara komprehensif, namun hanya satu penelitian yang berkelanjutan hingga tahap formulasi sediaan farmasi. Tidak satupun studi melakukan penilaian secara formal.

Secara keseluruhan, penelitian SPE berbasis biomassa Indonesia masih terbatas tetapi menunjukkan potensi. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu mengintegrasikan evaluasi kuantitatif dan pengujian formulasi terapan untuk mendukung pengembangan eksipien yang berkelanjutan dan layak secara komersial.


Keywords


Kata kunci: Eksipien Farmasi Berkelanjutan (SPEs), Limbah Biomassa; Kimia Hijau, Tinjauan Pelingkupan , Indonesia



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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v22i2.116458

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