Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Empirik Terhadap Outcome Klinik dan Gambaran Antibiogram Pada Pasien ISPA di Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta

Kris Kurniawan; Ika Puspitasari; Titik Nuryastuti

doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v1i1.51259

Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Empirik Terhadap Outcome Klinik dan Gambaran Antibiogram Pada Pasien ISPA di Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta

https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v1i1.51259

Kris Kurniawan⁽¹⁾, Ika Puspitasari^(2*), Titik Nuryastuti⁽³⁾

(1) Magister Farmasi Klinik, Farmasi UGM
(2) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Mikrobiologi, FKKMK UGM
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kunjungan pasien di sarana kesehatan baik di Puskesmas maupun di rumah sakit. Telah banyak penelitian mengenai kejadian resistensi antibiotik terhadap mikroba di rumah sakit beserta gambaran antibiogramnya, namun resistensi dalam pengobatan antibiotik di komunitas tepatnya di puskesmas belum pernah dipetakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran antibiogram bakteri penyebab ISPA di Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta, mengetahui kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik empiris dengan pedoman terapi serta mengetahui hubungan kesesuaian antibiotik empiris terhadap outcome klinik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang dilakukan dengan rancangan studi deskriptif-analitik dengan desain cohort melalui penelusuran data secara prospektif pada pasien ISPA di Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta pada bulan April-Agustus 2019. Sebanyak 44 pasien yang didiagnosa ISPA di puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta selama periode bulan April-Agustus 2019. Gambarkan mengenai profil antibiogram pasien ISPA di puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta, yaitu pola bakteri Gram negatif yang terbesar (50,8%) dan bakteri Gram positif sebanyak 27,2%. Berdasarkan evaluasi kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik empirik terhadap pedoman, diperoleh 40 pasien (93%) yang sesuai terapinya dengan pedoman dan sebanyak 3 pasien (7%) yang tidak sesuai dengan pedoman. Berdasarkan uji Likelihood ratio menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik empirik dengan outcome klinik pada pasien ISPA dengan nilai p=0,152.

Keywords

Antibiogram; Antibiotik Empiris; ISPA; Outcome Klinik

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v1i1.51259