* Corresponding Author
Caries risk factors based on cariogram among male smokers aged 15-24 years in Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.63601 Agung Widyagdo(1*), Bambang Priyono(2), Lisdrianto Hanindriyo(3)
(1) Department of Dental Health, Poltekkes Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, West Java Master of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Temanggung Regency in Central Java is an area with an extensive tobacco farming, allowing its residents to have ease of access to cigarettes. In addition, it has become a tradition for locals in this area to serve any visiting guest with cigarettes. Adolescents start smoking to cope with the psychosocial crisis during their development, particularly when they try to find their identity. Smoking is, in fact, a risk factor for dental caries, so the adolescents in Temanggung have a quite high prevalence of caries. Thus, this study aimed to determine the sequence of the risk factors affecting the caries risk based on cariogram among male smokers aged 15-24 years (adolescents). This was a quantitative observational study with a cross sectional design. There were 152 subjects (n= 152) selected using a proportionate clustered random sampling out of the total population (316 adolescents). The research was carried out with a clinical examination of the oral cavity, measuring salivary secretions, examining the amount of plaque, and examining DMF-T. Scoring was done using a caliogram application. The results of this study showed that 81.3% of the adolescents had a moderate caries risk, while 18.1% of them had a high caries risk. The sequence of the risk factors affecting the caries risk based on cariogram was bacteria (22.90%), susceptibility (19.39%), dietary habits (12.09%), and other influencing conditions (7.55%).
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Perilaku merokok masyarakat Indonesia. Jakarta: Infodatin Pus. Data dan Inf. Kementrian Kesehatan RI; 2014. 6–7.
2. Rahman M, Widodo S. Dampak kebijakan anti tembakau terhadap strategi nafkah petani
(Studi Kasus Desa Panaguan Kecamatan Proppo Pamekasan). J Media Trend. 2015;
10(2): 114-124.
3. Sekretaris Negara RI. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 tahun 2003
Tentang Pengamanan Rokok Bagi Kesehatan. Jakarta: Bidang Hukum dan Perundangundangan;
2013.
4. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pencantuman Peringatan Kesehatan dan Informasi Kesehatan pada Kemasan Produk Tembakau. Jakarta: Pusat Promosi Kesehatan; 2013.
5. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan RI; 2018.
6. Kusumawardani N, Putisari Hapsari D, Pradono J, Azhar K, Tarigan I, Indriasih E, Kosen S, Norhotimah E, Sumiasih M. Rokok dan Kesehatan. Edited by Atmarita. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan RI; 2016.
7. Mubeen K, Chandrasherkar H, Kavitha M, Nagarathna S. Effect of tobacco on oral health
an overview. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2013; 2(20): 3523-3534.
8. Aula LE. Stop Merokok. Yogyakarta: Gara Ilmu; 2010.
9. Wagenknecht DR, Rahman A, Baker A, Haddad B, Richard L, Gregory. Effects of nicotine on oral microorganisms, human tissues, and the interactions between them. Current Oral Health Reports. 2018; 5: 78–87.
10. Al-Qurashi H, Al-Farea M, Al-Qurai T, Al-Kadi M, Al-Basasam B, Nazir MA. Comparasion of oral hygiene practices and oral health problems among smoker and non-smoker male adolescent in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research. 2016; 7(2): 106–111. doi: 10.1016/j.sjdr.2016.04.002
11. Petrusic N, Posavac M, Sabol I, Stipetic MM. The effect of tobacco smoking on salivation.
Acta Stomatol Croat. 2015; 49(4): 309-315. doi: 10.15644/asc49/4/6
12. Kidd EAM, Bechal JY. Dasar-dasar Karies Penyakit dan Penanggulangannya (terj).
Jakarta: EGC. 2013.
13. Sundoro EH. Serba-Serbi Ilmu Konservasi Gigi. Jakarta: UI Press; 2007.
14. Bratthall D, Petersson G, Stjernswärd J. Cariogram manual - cariogram internet version 2.01. Cariogram Internet Version; 2004. 1–51.
15. Kemparaj U, Chavan S, Shetty NL. Caries risk assessment among school children in
davangere city using cariogram. Int J Prev Med. 2014; 5(5): 664-671.
16. Harris R, Nicoll AD, Adair PM, Pine CM. Risk factors for dental caries in young children: A
systematic review of the literature. Community Dent Health. 2004; 21(1 SUPPL.): 71–85.
17. Celik EU, Gokay N, Ates M. Efficiency of caries risk assessment in young adults using
cariogram. Eur J Dent. 2012; 6(3): 270–279.
18. Singh M, Ingle NA, Kaur N, Yadav P, Ingle E. Effect of long-term smoking on salivary flow
rate and salivary pH. J India Assoc Public Health Dent. 2015; 13(1): 11-13.
doi: 10.4103/2319-5932.153549
19. Creanor S. Dasar-Dasar Biologi Oral Klinis (trej.), ed. 18. Jakarta: EGC; 2018.
20. Houwink B, Dirks B, Dermaut LR, Cramwinckel AB, Crialears PJA, Eijkman MAJ. Huis In’t
Veld JHJ, dkk., Ilmu Kedokteran Pencegahan (trej.), Yogyakarta: Gajahmada University
Press; 1993.
21. Wu J, Li M, Huang R. The effect of smoking on caries-related microorganisms. Tob Induc
Dis. 2019; 17: 32-42. doi: 10.18332/tid/105913
22. Strużycka I. The oral microbiome in dental caries. Pol J Microbiol. 2014; 63(2): 127-135.
23. Sriyono NW. Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Pencegahan, ed. 5. Yogyakarta: Medika;
2018.
24. Kanwar A, Sah K, Grover N, Chandra S, Singh RR. Long-term effect of tobacco on resting whole mouth salivary flow rate and pH: an institutional based comparative study.
European Journal of General Dentistry. 2013; 2(3): 296-299.
25. Guillory CD, Schoolfield JD, Johnson D, Yeh CK, Chen S, Cappelli DP, Bober-Moken IG, Dang H. Co‐Relationships between glandular salivary flow rates and dental caries.
Gerodontology. 2013; 31(3): 210-219. doi: 10.1111/ger.12028
26. Sharma S, Mishra KS, Mittal N. Influence of tobacco dependence on caries development
in young male adults: a cross-sectional study. J Conserv Dent. 2018; 21(6): 597-601.
doi: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_218_18
27. Hebbal M, Ankola AV, Metgud SC. Dental caries, salivary parameters and plaque scores
as caries risk predictors among 12 year old school children– a follow up study. International
Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health. 2012; 4(5): 544-557.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.63601
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1177
| 
views : 1088
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.