* Corresponding Author
Prevalence and potential risk factors for periodontal disease among adults aged 35-54 years in Banten
https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.81548 Tiarma Talenta Theresia(1*), Stephanie Lowis Putri(2)
(1) Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
(2) Study Program of Dentistry Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gingival tissue and the underlying structures. Risk factors play a role in both the initiation and development of periodontal disease. It is important to know the risk factors for periodontal disease to prevent the occurrence of more widespread periodontal disease. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas, the prevalence of dental and oral health problems in Banten was 62.8%. This study aims to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors for periodontal disease among adults aged 35-54 years in Banten. This research was an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2018 Riskesdas (National Basic Health Research) in Banten. We used total sampling method in this study. Information was processed using SPSS software, and data was presented in tables containing frequencies and percentages. The total number of respondents aged 35-54 years in Banten was 6,755. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six respondents met the inclusion criteria, while 595 respondents were excluded due to missing data. Thus, 1,271 respondents were obtained and became the research subjects. The majority of respondents were female (64.4%), had low educational level (61.2%), employed (62.6%), brushed their teeth at the wrong time (99.2%), did not smoke (65.9%), did not chew tobacco (96.5%), were obese (51.4%), and did not suffer from diabetes mellitus (95.6%) and hypertension (82.2%). The prevalence of periodontal disease in these respondents was 27.6%. Potential risk factors for periodontal disease among adults aged 35-54 years in Banten include a high degree of education, employment status, smoking behavior, inappropriate toothbrushing time, and obesity.
Keywords
Full Text:
3. Tiarma TalentaReferences
1. Di Benedetto A, Gigante I, Colucci S, Grano M. Periodontal disease: Linking the primary inflammation to bone loss. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013; 2013.
2. Preshaw P. Periodontal Disease Pathogenesis. In: Newman and Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 13th Editi. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019. 89–111.
3. Chapple IL, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Mark Bartold P, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, et al. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018; 45(20): 68–77. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12940
4. Hasan A, Palmer RM. A clinical guide to periodontology: Pathology of periodontal disease. Br Dent J. 2014; 216(8): 457–461. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.299
5. Genco R, Borgnakke W. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000. 2013; 62(1): 59–94. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x
6. Aljehani YA. Risk factors of periodontal disease: Review of the literature. Int J Dent. 2014; 2014: 182513. doi: 10.1155/2014/182513
7. Kementerian Kesehatan RI 2018. Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf [Internet]. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 2018. p. 198. Available from: http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf
8. Lim JU, Lee JH, Kim JS, Hwang Y Il, Kim TH, Lim SY, et al. Comparison of World Health Organization and Asia-Pacific body mass index classifications in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017; 12: 2465–2475. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S141295
9. Bokhari S, Suhail A, Malik A, Imran M. Periodontal disease status and associated risk factors in patients attending a dental teaching hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2015; 19(6): 678–682. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.156882
10. Hajishengallis G. Aging and its impact on innate immunity and inflammation Implications for periodontitis. J Oral Biosci. 2014; 56(1): 30–37. doi: 10.1016/j.job.2013.09.001
11. Sekino S, Takahashi R, Numabe Y, Okamoto H. Current status of periodontal disease in adults in Takahagi, Japan: A cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2020; 20(1): 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-1046-4
12. Elías-Boneta AR, Toro MJ, Rivas-Tumanyan S, Rajendra-Santoch AB, Brache M, Collins C JR. Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of gingival inflammation in caribbean adults: A multi-city, cross-sectional study. P R Health Sci J. 2018; 37(2): 115–123.
13. Mahmood H, Khan P, Raouf M. Correlation of education level with severity of gingivitis and plaque score. J Pak Dent Assoc. 2022; 31(01): 38-42.
14. Sorina Mihaela S, Gianina I, Liliana P, Georgeta SI, Ioana M, Ionuţ L, et al. Risk predictors in periodontal disease. Rom J Oral Rehabil. 2017; 9(3): 89–96.
15. Al-Hajri MM. Risk factors of periodontal diseases among yemeni young dental patients. Univers J Pharm Res. 2017; 2(5): 64–68. doi: 10.22270/ujpr.v2i5.CS1
16. Vano M, Gennai S, Karapetsa D, Miceli M, Giuca MR, Gabriele M, et al. The influence of educational level and oral hygiene behaviours on DMFT index and CPITN index in an adult Italian population: an epidemiological study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2015; 13(2): 151–157. doi: 10.1111/idh.12098
17. Nayak PA, Nayak UA, Wali O, Marusamy KO, Muhcu NK. Effect of lifestyle on periodontal health status in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2021; 10(11): 760–767.
18. Carasol M, Llodra JC, Fernández-Meseguer A, Bravo M, García-Margallo MT, Calvo-Bonacho E, et al. Periodontal conditions among employed adults in Spain. J Clin Periodontol. 2016; 43(7): 548–556. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12558
19. Tefera A, Bekele B. Periodontal disease status and associated risk factors in patients attending a tertiary hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2020; 12: 485–492. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S282727
20. Fiorellini JP, Kim D, Uzel N, Carranza F. Anatomy, Structure and Function of the Periodontium. In: Newman and Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 13th Editi. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019. 19–32.
21. Maruanaya AM, Mariati NW, Pangemanan DHC. Gambaran status gingiva menurut kebiasaan menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam hari pada siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 70 Manado. e-GIGI. 2015; 3(2). doi: 10.35790/eg.3.2.2015.8762
22. Jafer M. The periodontal status and associated systemic health problems among an elderly population attending the outpatient clinics of a dental school. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2015; 16(10): 950–956. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1787
23. Almerich-Silla JM, Almiñana-Pastor PJ, Boronat-Catalá M, Bellot-Arcís C, Montiel-Company JM. Socioeconomic factors and severity of periodontal disease in adults (35-44 years). A cross sectional study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017; 9(8): e988-e994. doi: 10.4317/jced.54033
24. Rohmawati N, Santik YDP. Status penyakit periodontal pada pria perokok dewasa. HIGEIA (Journal Public Heal Res Dev). 2019; 3(2): 286–297. doi: 10.15294/higeia.v3i2.25497
25. Agrawal N, Aggarwal A, Gupta ND, Tewari RK, Gupta J, Garg AK. Oral health consequences of use of smokeless tobacco in North India: A cross-sectional survey. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr. 2021; 21: 1–9. doi: 10.1590/pboci.2021.025
26. Kulkarni V, Uttamani JR, Bhatavadekar NB. Comparison of clinical periodontal status among habitual smokeless-tobacco users and cigarette smokers. Int Dent J. 2016; 66(1): 29–35. doi: 10.1111/idj.12192
27. Ana P, Dimitrije M, Ivan M, Mariola S. The association between periodontal disease and obesity among middle-aged adults periodontitis and obesity. J Metabolic Synd. 2016; 5: 208. doi:10.4172/ 2167-0943.1000208
28. Banihashemrad SA, Fatemi K, Pakdel T, Nasrabadi N. Relationship between BMI ≥25 and periodontal status: A case‒ control study. J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent. 2018; 10(2): 90–94. doi: 10.15171/japid.2018.014
29. Garcia D, Tarima S, Okunseri C. Periodontitis and Glycemic Control in Diabetes: NHANES 2009 to 2012. J Periodontol. 2015; 86(4): 499–506. doi: 10.1902/jop.2014.140364
30. Thaper S, Thaper T, Vishnu Priya V, Thaper R, Thaper R. Prevalence of periodontitis in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2016; 9(1): 308–310.
31. Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Lalla E. A review of the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Clin Periodontol. 2013; 40(14): S113-134. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12059
32. Zainoddin NBMM, Taib H, Awang RAR, Hassan A, Alam MK. Systemic conditions in patients with periodontal disease. Int Med J. 2013; 20(3): 363–366.
33. Wellapuli N, Ekanayake L. Risk factors for chronic periodontitis in Sri Lankan adults: A population based case-control study. BMC Res Notes. 2017; 10(1): 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2778-3
34. Machado V, Aguilera EM, Botelho J, Hussain SB, Leira Y, Proença L, et al. Association between periodontitis and high blood pressure: Results from the study of periodontal health in almada-seixal (sophias). J Clin Med. 2020; 9(5): 1–13. doi: 10.3390/jcm9051585
35. Zeigler CC, Wondimu B, Marcus C, Modéer T. Pathological periodontal pockets are associated with raised diastolic blood pressure in obese adolescents. BMC Oral Health. 2015; 15(1): 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12903-015-0026-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.81548
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1854
| 
views : 917
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.