Gonial angle and mandibular ramus height in Surabaya population: comparison and correlation analysis in panoramic radiograph

https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.98837

An'nisaa Chusida(1*), Arofi Kurniawan(2), Beta Novia Rizky(3), Salma Nailah Pradnya Pribadi(4), Annisa Tiara Diva(5), Haura Destina Anandhiyah(6), Aspalilah Alias(7)

(1) Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(2) Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(3) Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(4) Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(5) Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(6) Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(7) Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


One of the crucial steps of identifying an individual is to determine their sex. The mandible, which is the largest and strongest bone in the human face, is a useful tool due to its significant sexual dimorphism. Two features that are recognized for their high sexual dimorphism are the gonial angle and mandibular ramus height. Several studies have shown different results when using both measures to estimate sex, factors that are thought to influence morphological differences include age, population, sex, and physical activity. The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in gonial angle and mandibular ramus height between sexes using panoramic radiography. Additionally, it aimed to analyze the correlation between these measurements and sex. The measurements of the gonial angle and mandibular ramus height were conducted using ImageJ software. Initially, the specific anatomical landmarks were identified, and the software’s measurement tools were then employed to accurately assess the height and angle based on these selected points. The sample consisted of secondary data obtained from 70 panoramic radiographs of patients aged 20–45 years at the Dental and Oral Teaching Hospital (RSGMP) of Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Data analysis was conducted using the independent t-test and Pearson correlation. There was a significant difference in the mandibular ramus height between sexes, with males having a greater height (p < 0.05). It was also discovered that, despite the fact that males exhibited a smaller gonial angle compared to females, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.29). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between mandibular ramus height and sex (r = 0.498); however, there was no significant correlation between gonial angle and sex (r = -0.128). The study reveals a significant difference in mandibular ramus height between males and females, with males exhibiting greater height. This parameter shows a strong correlation with sex, making it a reliable indicator for sex determination. Conversely, the gonial angle is not suitable for this purpose.

Keywords


gonial angle; human right; legal identity; mandibular ramus height; sex determination

Full Text:

4. Annisaa Chusida


References

1. Krishan K, Kanchan T, Garg AK. Dental evidence in forensic identification – an overview, methodology and present status. Open Dent J. 2015; 9: 250 – 256. doi: 10.2174/1874210601509010250

2. Emam AِNM. Role of forensic odontology in identification of persons: a review article.
Cureus. 2024; 16(3): e56570. doi: 10.7759/cureus.56570

3. Saini V, Srivastava R, Rai RK, Shamal SN, Singh TB, Tripathi SK. Mandibular ramus: An
indicator for sex in fragmentary mandible. J Forensic Sci. 2011; 56 Suppl 1: S13-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01599.x

4. Rad FO, Javanshir B, Nemati S, Khaksari F, Mansoori R, Ranjzad H, Shokri A. Evaluation
of sexual dimorphism with mandibular parameters by digital panoramic radiography.
Open Dent J. 2020; 14(1): 172–177. doi: 10.2174/1874210602014010172

5. Lipski M, Tomaszewska IM, Lipska W, Lis GJ, Tomaszewski KA. The mandible and its
foramen: Anatomy, anthropology, embryology and resulting clinical implications. Folia
Morphol (Warsz). 2013; 72(4): 285–292. doi: 10.5603/fm.2013.0048

6. Knigge RP, McNulty KP, Oh H, Hardin AM, Leary EV, Duren DL, Valiathan M, Sherwood RJ. Geometric morphometric analysis of growth patterns among facial types. Am J
Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021; 160(3): 430–441. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.04.038

7. Saikiran CH, Ramaswamy P, Santosh N, Sudhakar S, Smitha B, Satish A. Can gonial
measurements predict gender? A prospective analysis using digital panoramic radiographs.
Forensic Res Criminol Int J. 2016; 3(2): 287-290. doi: 10.15406/frcij.2016.03.00089

8. Leversha J, Mckeough G, Myrteza A, Skjellrup-Wakefiled H, Welsh J, Sholapurkar A. Age
and gender correlation of gonial angle, ramus height and bigonial width in dentate subjects
in a dental school in Far North Queensland. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016; 8(1): e49–54.
doi: 10.4317/jced.52683

9. Bakan A, Kervancıoğlu P, Bahşi I, Yalçın ED. Comparison of the gonial angle with age and gender using cone-beam computed tomography images. Cureus. 2022; 14(5): e24997. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24997

10. Behl A, Grewal S, Bajaj K, Baweja P, Kaur G, Kataria P. Mandibular ramus and gonial angle—Identification tool in age estimation and sex determination: A digital panoramic radiographic study in north indian population. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2020; 32(1): 31-36. doi: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_172_19

11. Najm AA, Abbas B. Evaluation of gonial angle, ramus height and bigonial width in relation to age and gender using digital panoramic radiograph. Diyala Journal of Medicine. 2020; 18(2): 55–61. doi: 10.26505/DJM.18024950922

12. Astuti ER, Iskandar HB, Nasutianto H, Pramatika B, Saputra D, Putra RH. Radiomorphometric of the jaw for gender prediction: A digital panoramic study. Acta Med
Philipp. 2022; 56(3): 113–121. doi: 10.47895/amp.vi0.3175

13. Azhari A, Pramatika B, Epsilawati L. Differences between male and female mandibular length
growth according to panoramic radiograph. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia. 2019; 5(1): 43–49. doi: 10.22146/majkedgiind.39164

14. Shah P, Venkatesh R, More C, Vaishnavee V. Age- and sex-related mandibular dimensional
changes: A radiomorphometric analysis on panoramic radiographs. Indian J Dent Res.
2020; 31(1): 113-117. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_327_18

15. Prakoeswa BFWR, Chusida A, Kurniawan A, Istiqomah Marini M, Novia Rizky B, Aulia A, Alias A. Analysis of gonial angle related to age in Surabaya population, Indonesia. Bulletin of the International Association for Paleodontology. 2022; 16(1): 17–21.

16. Bulut O, Freudenstein N, Hekimoglu B, Gurcan S. Dilemma of gonial angle in sex determination: Sexually dimorphic or not? Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2019; 40(4): 361–365. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000500

17. Ghazani RN, Adespin DA, Saputri RI, Boedi RM. Sex estimation using direct gonial angle
measurement in 16-24 years old Indonesian population. Journal of Stomatology. 2022;
75(1): 31–35. doi: 10.5114/jos.2022.114501

18. Pillay S, Ishwarkumar S. The morphometry of the angle of mandible and its correlation with
age and sex in the eThekwini Metropolitan Region: A panoramic study. Int J Morphol.
2017; 35(2): 661–666.

19. Galdames ICS, Matamala DAZ, Smith RL. Evaluating accuracy and precision in morphologic traits for sexual dimorphism in malnutrition human skull: A comparative study. Int J Morphol. 2008; 26(4): 877–881.

20. Almeida-Neto PF, Matos DG, Pinto VCM, Dantas PMS, Cesário T de M, Silva LF, Bulhões-Correia A, Aidar FJ, de Araújo Tinôco Cabral BG. Can the neuromuscular performance of young athletes be influenced by hormone levels and different stages of puberty? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(16): 1–16. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165637

21. Radhakrishnan PD, Varma NKS, Ajith VV. Dilemma of gonial angle measurement: Panoramic radiograph or lateral cephalogram. Imaging Sci Dent. 2017; 47(2): 93–97. doi: 10.5624/ISD.2017.47.2.93

22. Fouda SM, Gad MM, Tantawi ME, Virtanen JI, Sipila K, Raustia A. Influence of tooth loss
on mandibular morphology: A cone-beam computed tomography study. J Clin Exp Dent.
2019; 11(9): e814–819. doi: 10.4317/jced.55879



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.98837

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1596 | views : 533

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2024 Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


 

 View My Stats


real
time web analytics