Email this article 
Hide
Show all
READING SĪTĀ’S LETTER ON OLD JAVANESE RĀMĀYAṆA KAKAWIN ON THE BASIS OF CANDRAKIRAṆA AS PROSODIC TREATISE
https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v9i2.60737 Zakariya Pamuji Aminullah(1*)
(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM)
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The study presented in this article focuses on the signification of the poetic metres and the theory of rasa expounded in Candrakiraṇa, a guide to the composition of kakawin that is preserved in the scriptoriums of mountains. The use of the poetic metres and theory of rasa was examined in the text of Sītā’s letter to Rāma that was taken from the Rāmāyaṇa Kakawin. It was carried out on the three manuscripts of Candrakiraṇa preserved by the National Library of Indonesia (PNRI). The findings show that the use of śārdūlawikriḍita metre in Sītā’s letters results in a form of signification for particular aesthetic experiences (rasa), namely karuṇa (sympathy), bhayānaka (concern), śānta (peace) and śṛṅgara (love).
Tulisan ini berfokus pada metrum dan teori rasa sebagai sarana pemaknaan yang dimuat dalam Candrakiraṇa, sebuah pedoman penulisan kakawin yang diwariskan di skriptorium-skriptorium pegunungan. Metrum dan teori rasa tersebut dikaji penggunaannya dalam surat Sītā kepada Rāma yang terkandung dalam Kakawin Rāmāyaṇa. Kajian ini melibatkan tiga manuskrip yang merupakan koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa metrum śārdūlawikriḍita yang digunakan pada surat Sīta menunjukkan bentuk pemaknaan untuk pengalaman-pengalaman estetika (rasa) tertentu, yaitu karuṇa (belas kasihan), bhayānaka (kekhawatiran), śānta (damai) dan śṛṅgara (cinta).
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Acri, A. (2016). Editing and Translating the Old Javanese Kakavin Rāmāyaṇa. Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 102, 451–466.
Acri, A., Creese, H., & Griffith, A. (2011). From Laṅkā Eastwards. Rāmāyaṇa in the Literature and Visual Arts of Indonesia. KITLV Press.
Aminullah, Z. P. (2019). Candrakiraṇa: Présentation du texte avec étude de sa première partie consacrée entre autres aux structures métriques. EPHE, Université PSL.
Aminullah, Z. P. (2021). Rethinking the Name: The problem of the name Candrakiraṇa in the oldest Javanese prosody. Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 22(3), 535–557. https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v22i3.996.
Behrend, T. E. (1998). Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Jilid 4: Katalog induk naskah-naskah Nusantara. Yayasan Obor Indonesia & École française d’Extrême-Orient.
Bronner, Y., & Creese, H. (2019). Indic Ornaments on Javanese Shores: Retooling Sanskrit Figures in the Old Javanese Rāmāyaṇa. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1(139), 41–66.
Gunawan, A. (2015). Nipah or Gebang?: A Philological and Codicological Study Based on Sources from West Java. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 171(2), 249–280. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17101004.
Hooykaas, C. (2014). The Old-Javanese Rāmāyana kakawin: With special references to the problem of interpolation in kakawin. (Research I). Martinus Nijhoff.
Hunter, T. M. (2020). Finding meaning in translation; A.L. Becker’s “text coherence.” Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 21(3), 360–383. https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v21i3.949.Thomas.
Jákl, J. (2016). The literary motif of head-taking in Old Javanese court poems (kakavin): Cěṅěl and varagaṅ terms revisited. Indonesia and the Malay World, 44(129), 165–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2015.1133140.
Kern, H. (2015). Rāmāyaṇa. The story of Rāma and Sītā in Old Javanese. (W. van der Molen, Ed.; Javanese S). Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
Krom, N. J. (1923). Inleiding tot de Hindoe-Javaansche kunst (2. herzien). Martinus Nijhoff.
Lokesh Chandra. (1997). Chanda-karaṇa: The art of writing poetry. In T. Chandrika (Ed.), Cultural horizons of India: Studies in Tantra and Buddhism, art and archaeology, language and literature (Śata-Piṭak, pp. 140–185). International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan.
Molen, W. van der. (2003). A token of my longing: A rhetorical analysis of Sita’s letter to Rama, Old Javanese Ramayana 11.22–32. Indonesia and the Malay World, 31(91), 339–355.
Poerbatjaraka. (2010). Rāmāyaṇa Djawa-Kuna. Sarga I-XII. Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia.
Robson, S. (1983). Kakawin Reconsidered: Toward a theory of Old Javanese Poetics”. Bijdragen Tot De Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 139(2/3), 291–319.
Robson, S. O. (2015). Old Javanese Rāmāyaṇa. A New English Translation with an Introduction and Notes (Javanese S). Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
Rubinstein, R. (2000). Beyond the realm of the senses: The Balinese ritual of kekawin composition. KITLV Press.
Santoso, S. (1980). Ramayana Kakawin (Satapitaka). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies International Academy of Indian Culture.
Setyawati, K., Wiryamartana, I. K., & Molen, W. van der. (2002). Katalog naskah Merapi-Merbabu: Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Warder, A. K. (1972). Indian Kāvya Literature. Vol I: Literary criticism. Motilal Banarsidass.
Wiryamartana, I. K. (1990). Arjunawiwaha: Transformasi teks Jawa Kuna lewat tanggapan dan penciptaan di lingkungan sastra Jawa (Issue buku 44.). Duta Wacana University Press.
Zoetmulder, P. J. (1983). Kalangwan: Sastra Jawa Kuno Selayang Pandang (Seri ILDEP). Penerbit Djambatan.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v9i2.60737
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1550
| 
views : 1675
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Poetika : Jurnal Ilmu Sastra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
ISSN 2503-4642 (online) | 2338-5383 (print)
Copyright © Poetika: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
