PERKOSAAN DAN MEKANISME KOLONIALISASI JENDER

https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.12277

Siti Ruhaini Dzuhayatin(1*)

(1) Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Rape is not a new phenomenon in the human history, and is continuously regarded as a tragic social issue. Rape as the mechanism of domination and control has been exercised by great nations in the past. Rape perpetually furnishes the international agenda from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the latest conference on Violence Against Women in Valencia, Spain on November, 24-26, 2000. The conference stipulates that rape is the violation against humanity which put women as the victims.The paper will focuse on how rape has been used as the means of domination and control of women, either individually and collectively. The paper will also explore theframeworks which illustrate rape as the means of domination which is parallel to colonialization. pinally, the paper will show the shifting paradigm from rape as 'man to man' issues to women rights issues. Women's struggle to affirm rape as human rights violation has made a significant progress by the establishment of The International Tribunal on mass rape as a crime against humanity.


Keywords


kekerasan seksual, gender, kolonialisasi gender, perkosaan

Full Text:

PDF


References

Ahmed, Akbar S. 1999. "Ethnic cleansing: a metaphor for our time?", in Manfred B. Steger and Nancy S. Lind (eds.), Violence and Its Alternatives: An Interdisciplinary Reader. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp.235-250.

Ahmad, Laila. 1992. Women and Gender in Islam: Roots of Modern Debate. Michigan: Yale University.

Anderson, C. Smith and Yolanda Estes. 1998. "The myth of the happy hooker: kantian moral reflections on a phenomenology of prostitution", in Stanley G. French (ed.), Violence Against Women: Philosophical Perspectives. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp.152-158.

Brownmiller, Susan. 1975. Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Cocks, Joan. 1989. The Oppositional Imagination: Peminism, Critique and Political Theory. London: Routledge.

Chung, C. Sung. 2000. "Unsolved crime: military sexual slavery problem in imperial Japan", kertas kerja dalam Seminar Internasional tentang Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan, Valencia, Spanyol, 23-26 November. (tidak diterbitkan).

Fanon, Frants. 1999. "Excerpt from concerning violence: the wretched of the earth", in Manfred B. Steger and Nancy S. Lind (eds.), Violence and It Alternatives: An Interdisciplinary Reader. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 157-168.

Griffin, Susan. 1981. Pornography and Silence. New York: Harper & Row.

Haeri, Shahla. 1995. " The politics of dishonour: rape and power in Pakistan", in Nahnaz Afkhami, Paith and Preedom: Women's Human Rights in the Muslim World. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, pp. 161-174.

Harrison, Ross. 1989. "Rape: a case study in political philosophy", inSylvana Tomaselli and Roy Porter (eds.), Rape: an Historical and Sociological Inquiry. London: Basil Blackwell, pp. 41-56.

Heryanto, Ariel. 1998. "Bukan sekedar perkosaan, bukan hanya korban", Suplemen Journal Perempuan, No. 5, Agustus.

Irawan, Alex. 1996. Perisai Perempuan. Jakarta: Sekretariat APIK dan Forum.

Katjasungkana, Nursyahbani. 1997. "Pasal perkosaan dalam perspektif perempuan", dalam Eko Prasetyo dan Suparman Marzuki (eds.), Perempuan dalam Wacana Perkosaan. Yogyakarta: PKBI.

Kazan, Patricia. 1998. "Sexual assault and the problem of consent", in Laura M. Purdy et al. (eds.), Violence Against Women: Philosophical Perspectives. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 27-42.

Langess, L.L. 1987. The Study of Culture. California: Chandler & Sharp Publishers, Inc.

McKinnon, Catharine A. 1999. "Rape, genocide, and women's human rights", in Laura M. Purdy et al. (eds.), Violence Against Women: Philosophical Perspectives. Ithaca: Cornell Univesity Press, pp. 43-54.

Medea, Andrea and Kathleen Thompson. 1974. Against Rape. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.

Meis, Maria, Veronika Bennholdt-Thomsen and Claudia von Welhof. 1988. Women The Last Colony. London: Zet Book.

Millet, Kate. 1970. Sexual Politics. New York: Doubleday.

Porter, Roy. 1989. "Does rape have a historical meaning?", in Sylvana Tomaselli and Roy Porter (eds.), Rape: an Historical and Sociological Inquiry. London: Basil Blackwell, pp. 216-236.

Sanday, R. Peggy. 1989. "Rape and the silence of the feminine", in Sylvana Tomaselli and Roy Porter (eds.), Rape: an Historical and Sociological Inquiry. London: Basil Blackwell, pp. 84-101.

Sarry, Eliane. 1985. The Body in Pain: The Making and the Unmaking of the World. New York: Oxford University Press.

Seifert, Ruth. 1999. "The second frount: the logic of sexual violence in wars", in Manfred B. Steger and Nancy S. Lind (eds.), Violence and Alternatives: an Interdisciplinary Reader. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 145-153.

Steger, B. Manfred and Nancy S. Lind. 1999. "Violence and gender: introduction", in Manfred B. Steger and Nancy S. Lind (eds.), Violence and its Alternatives: an Interdisciplinary Reader. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. xiv - xxvi.

Stoller, Edward. 1979. Sexual Excitement: the Dynamics of Erotic Life. New York: Pantheon.

"Tragedi bulak Kempit: bapak-anak perkosa seorang gadis". 2000. Kedaulatan Rakyat 6 Februari.

Wandita, Galuh. 1998. "Tubuh perempuan dan rampasan perang", suplemen Jaringan Suara Ibu, 5 Agustus.

Venny, Adriana. 2000. "Penguasa dan politik tubuh: spirit revolusi kaum feminis radikal", Jurnal Perempuan (15):27-35.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.12277

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2374 | views : 2196

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Populasi




Copyright of Jurnal Populasi ISSN 0853-6202 (PRINT), ISSN: 2476-941X (ONLINE).


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Populasi Indexed by:

  ROAD  

web
analytics View My Stats