Optimization of HPMC and Carbopol 940 as Gelling Agents on The Physical Properties and Stability in Anti-Acne Gel of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Extract
Keywords:
binahong leaves, optimization, hpmc, carbopol 940, gel
Abstract
Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) steenis) is recognized as a widespread plant species in Indonesia and is known to possess strong antibacterial properties against P. acnes. This study aims to determine the effect and optimum proportion of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carbopol 940 as the gelling agent on the physical properties of binahong anti-acne gel. The Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method was performed to optimize the gel base with Design-Expert® version 13.0.0 with a total run of 8 formulas. The evaluated parameters were organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, stability, and irritation test. The independent variables in SLD were the amount of HPMC and carbopol 940, while the responses included pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. The optimal formula proposed by SLD is a combination of 1.96% HPMC, and 0.53% carbopol 940 that showed no significant difference when compared to the test results. The optimal formula has a pH of 6, a viscosity of 18,130 cP, a spreadability of 4.7 cm, and an adhesion of 10 second. The optimum formulation proved to be physically stable after three freeze-thaw cycles and showed no irritation after in vivo application.
References
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Sari, B. R., Sarjito, & Haditono, C. (2015). Added Effect of Binahong Leaves Powder (Anredera cordifolia) on Food toward Survival Rate and Histopathology of Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Infected by Vibrio harveyi. J Aquac Mgmt Tech, 4(1), 26-32.
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Sutaria, A. H., Masood, S., Saleh, H. M., & Schlessinger, J. (2023). Acne Vulgaris. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459173.
Tasman, R. S., Arisanty, A., & Stevani, H. (2023). The Effect of Using Propylene Glycol Penetration Enhancer on the Polyphenols Diffusion Rate in Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract Gel (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 9(2), 96-105.
Yang, N., Huang, Y., Hou, J., Zhang, Y., Tian, L., Chen, Z., Jin, Z., Shen, Y., & Guo, S. (2022). Rheological behaviors and texture properties of semi-interpenetrating networks of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and gellan. Food Hydrocolloids, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107097.
Yani, T. N., Anwar, E., & Saputri, F. C. (2016). Formulasi Emulgel yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) dan Uji Aktivitasnya terhadap Propionibacterium acnes secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 6(2), 89-97.
Yuliani, S.H., Rahmadani, Y., and Istyastono, E.P. (2016). Uji Iritasi Sediaan Gel Penyembuh Luka Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong Menggunakan Slug Irritation Test. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 14(2): 135–140.
Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Raff, J., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2008). Molecular Biology of The Cell. Garland Publishing.
Aldobagya, B. (2021). Narrative Review : Pengaruh Propilen Glikol terhadap Sifat Fisik Gel Bahan Alam dan Potensinya sebagai Penetration Enhancer [Thesis]. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/195785.
Dewi, K. Y. (2023). Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Sebagai Antijerawat dengan Gelling Agent CMC-Na dan Humectant Sorbitol [Bachelor thesis]. Gadjah Mada University ETD Repository. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id.
Dwiastuti, R. and Ardiyati, S.E. (2020). Formulasi Sediaan Gel Nanopartikel Lipid Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). Pharmacy Medical Journal, 3(2).
Firmansyah, F., Vajra, S. A., & Muhtadi, W. K. (2022). Effect of Combination of Carbopol-940 Base and HPMC Gel Extract of Aloe Vera Flesh on Physical Properties of and Antibacterial Activity of Propionibacterium Acnes. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 4(12), 3347-3357.
Freeze-Thaw Stability Testing. (n.d.). Microchem Laboratory. Retrieved November 8, 2023, from https://microchemlab.com/test/freeze-thaw-stability-testing.
Gatne, M., Tambe, K., Ravikanth, K. (2015). Acute dermal irritation study of polyherbal gel Mastilep in rabbits, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res, 6: 3473.
Hazarika, N., & Archana, M. (2016). The Psychosocial Impact of Acne Vulgaris. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 61(5), 515-520. https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0019-5154.190102.
Jaber, S. A., Saadh, M., & Obeid, M. A. (2023). The effect of polymeric films of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/chitosan on ofloxacin release, diffusion, and biological activity. Polymer Engineering & Science, 63(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26411.
James, O. and Sunday, A.B. (2014). Evaluation of acute dermal irritation and wound contraction by Gymnema Sylvestre and Datura metel extracts in rats, Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci, 2, 83–88.
Kurniawan, B., & Aryana, W. F. (2015). Binahong (Cassia alata L) as Inhibitor Escherichia coli Growth. J Majority, 4(4), 100-104.
Lukelal, E., Tesfaye, S., Gebrechristos, S., Dires, K., Zenebe, T., Zegeye, N., Feleke, G., Kassahun, A., Shiferaw, Y., and Mekonnen, A. (2019). Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of skin irritation, acute and subacute toxicity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil in mice and rabbits. Toxicology Reports. 6: 1289–1294.
Marchaban, Fudholi, A., Saifullah, T. N., Martien, R., Kuswahyuning, R., Bestari, A. N., & Indrayana, B. (2017). Teknologi Formulasi Sediaan Cair Semi Padat. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Mortazavi, S., & Moghimi, H. (2003). Effect of Surfactant Type and Concentration on The Duration of Mucoadhesion of Carbopol 934 and HPMC Solid Compacts. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2(4), 191-199.
Narang, I., Sardana, K., Bajpai, R., & Garg, V. K. (2019). Seasonal aggravation of acne in summers and the effect of temperature and humidity in a study in a tropical setting. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(4), 1098-1104. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12777.
Noval, Rosyifa, & Annisa. (2019). Effect of HPMC Concentration Variation as Gelling Agent on Physical Stability of Formulation Gel Ethanol Extract Bundung Plants (Actinuscirpus Grossus). European Union Digital Library. 10.4108/eai.23-11-2019.2298326.
OECD. (2001). Guideline for Testing Chemicals 425. Acute Oral Toxicity-up and Down Procedure, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. pp. 12–16.
Platsidaki, E., & Dessinioti, C. (2019). Recent advances in understanding Propionibacterium acnes ( Cutibacterium acnes) in acne. F1000 Research, 7. https://doi.org/10.12688%2Ff1000research.15659.1.
Quinones, D., & Ghaly, E. S. (2008). Formulation and Characterization of Nystatin Gel. PRHSJ, 27(1), 61-62.
Rahmani, S. I., & Zulkarnain, A. K. (2023). Optimization of HPMC and Na-CMC as Gelling Agents on Physical Properties and Stability in Sunflower Seed Oil Gel Formulation. Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(2), 812-819.
Rowe, R. C., Sheskey, P. J., & Weller, P. J. (2020). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (10th ed.). Pharmaceutical Press.
Safitri, F. I., Nawangsari, D., & Febrina, D. (2020). Overview: Application of Carbopol 940 in Gel. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health and Medical Sciences (AHMS 2020). Atlantis Press: Advances in Health Sciences Research.
Sari, B. R., Sarjito, & Haditono, C. (2015). Added Effect of Binahong Leaves Powder (Anredera cordifolia) on Food toward Survival Rate and Histopathology of Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Infected by Vibrio harveyi. J Aquac Mgmt Tech, 4(1), 26-32.
Sasebohe, V. Y., Prakasita, V. C., & Aditiyarini, D. (2023). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes Penyebab Jerawat. Sciscitatio, 4(1), 1-14.
Sutaria, A. H., Masood, S., Saleh, H. M., & Schlessinger, J. (2023). Acne Vulgaris. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459173.
Tasman, R. S., Arisanty, A., & Stevani, H. (2023). The Effect of Using Propylene Glycol Penetration Enhancer on the Polyphenols Diffusion Rate in Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract Gel (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 9(2), 96-105.
Yang, N., Huang, Y., Hou, J., Zhang, Y., Tian, L., Chen, Z., Jin, Z., Shen, Y., & Guo, S. (2022). Rheological behaviors and texture properties of semi-interpenetrating networks of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and gellan. Food Hydrocolloids, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107097.
Yani, T. N., Anwar, E., & Saputri, F. C. (2016). Formulasi Emulgel yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) dan Uji Aktivitasnya terhadap Propionibacterium acnes secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 6(2), 89-97.
Yuliani, S.H., Rahmadani, Y., and Istyastono, E.P. (2016). Uji Iritasi Sediaan Gel Penyembuh Luka Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong Menggunakan Slug Irritation Test. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 14(2): 135–140.
Published
2025-01-16
How to Cite
Aziza, F. N., Syazwina, Z., & Suwardjo, W. P. (2025). Optimization of HPMC and Carbopol 940 as Gelling Agents on The Physical Properties and Stability in Anti-Acne Gel of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Extract. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.11078
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Research Article
