Decision-Making System for Extended Bacteremia Treatment in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy

  • Natharin Phattayanon Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
  • Wasan Katip Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Epidemiology Research Group of Infectious Disease (ERGID), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
  • Peninnah Oberdorfer Epidemiology Research Group of Infectious Disease (ERGID), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
  • Puntapong Taruangsri Department of Medicine, Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai 50180 Thailand
  • Teerapong Nampuan Department of Pharmacy, Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai 50180 Thailand
Keywords: Hematologic malignancy, Acinetobacter baumannii, Mortality prediction model, Decision-making system, Extended antibiotic therapy.

Abstract

Patients with hematologic malignancy (HM) experiencing bloodstream infections by Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) encounter considerable mortality risks, despite 14 days of standard antibiotic therapy. This research addresses a critical clinical challenge by developing a decision-making system to identify patients with hematologic malignancy and Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections who would benefit from extended antibiotic therapy. Retrospective cohort research was conducted on patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) who developed bloodstream infections and were treated with a 14-day course of antibiotics within the specified period from January 2019 to April 2024. The odds ratio (OR) and risk ratio (RR) were calculated to examine the relationships among clinical and demographic data. A multivariable logistic regression model has been applied and adjusted to account for various predictors. The predictive model and the “Ex-CSEPA” decision-making system were developed using logistic regression. The performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), were evaluated. The developed model demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 98.7%. It exhibited a sensitivity of 99.07% and a specificity of 98.33% in predicting mortality, setting a cut-off point of 0.5 or higher as indicative of high risk for mortality after 14-day treatment. The system's ability to identify patients who would benefit from antibiotic (ATB) treatment beyond the standard 14-day period was particularly significant. The application of this predictive model in clinical practice has pushed up the potential to enhance decisions for extended-ATB duration and decrease 30-day mortality for patients with HM who are morbid with AB bloodstream infections.

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Published
2025-03-20
How to Cite
Phattayanon, N., Katip, W., Oberdorfer, P., Taruangsri, P., & Nampuan, T. (2025). Decision-Making System for Extended Bacteremia Treatment in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 36(1), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.12924
Section
Research Article