The nephroprotective effect of Andrographis paniculata ethanol extract poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles on Vero cell

Dhadhang Wahyu Kurniawan; Fadhilah Ummi  Gayatriningrum; Nuryanti Nuryanti; Dody Novrial; Nunuk Aries  Nurulita

Dhadhang Wahyu Kurniawan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Fadhilah Ummi Gayatriningrum Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Central Java
Nuryanti Nuryanti Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Central Java
Dody Novrial Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jl. dr. Gumbreg no. 1 Purwokerto, Central Java
Nunuk Aries Nurulita Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Central Java

Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, PLGA nanoparticles, cytotoxicity, nephroprotective, Vero cell line

Abstract

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) comprises andrographolide, a compound characterized by inherently low bioavailability. Consequently, it is formulated into nanoparticles to enhance its pharmacokinetic profile. Andrographolide ables to fight free radicals that cause cell death. This study was conducted to determine nephroprotective activity of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based Andrographis paniculata nanoparticles in vero cell line. Andrographis paniculata ethanol extract nanoparticles (50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm) were tested for cytotoxicity and nephroprotective activity. Nephroprotective tests consisted of acute nephroprotection, chronic nephroprotection, and recovery tests using concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 ppm. The protective effect was tested by administering nanoparticles, followed by H₂O₂. The recovery effect was tested by administering H₂O₂, followed by nanoparticles. All tests were carried out using the 3-(4, 5-dimethyl tiazol-2-il)-5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method and data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Andrographis paniculata ethanol extract nanoparticles (50 – 1000 ppm) did not have any toxic effect on Vero cell line. Nanoparticles provide nephroprotective activity based on concentration-dependent trend. High concentration nanoparticles (500 ppm) were able to provide better acute protective effect than vitamin E. Nanoparticles 500 ppm provided a better recovery effect (p<0,05) than vitamin E, but the chronic protection effect was lower than vitamin E. it can be concluded that Andrographis paniculata ethanol extract nanoparticles with concentration of 500 ppm provide effective nephroprotective activity against H₂O₂-induced toxicity in Vero cells line.

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