Physical Properties, Stability, and Biological Activity of a Combination Sunscreen Emulgel Formulation Containing Octyl Methoxycinnamate and Hexagamavunon-5: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Purbandari Ajeng  Sarweningtyas; Abdul Karim Zulkarnain; Ritmaleni

doi:10.22146/ijp.18921

Purbandari Ajeng Sarweningtyas Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Abdul Karim Zulkarnain Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Ritmaleni Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Keywords: Stability, OMC, Hexagamavunon-5, Sunscreen, Emulgel

Abstract

Octyl Methoxycinnamate(OMC) has intense sunscreen activity, but susceptible to photodegradation upon exposure to UV light, leading to the formation of free radicals. The incorporation of antioxidants can mitigate UV-induced degradation and preserve OMC in its trans configuration, thereby maintaining its photoprotective efficacy. Hexagamavunon-5(HGV-5) contains phenolic hydroxyl groups and conjugated double bonds, which are key to its antioxidant activity. In this study, we develop a sunscreen emulgel formulation combining OMC and HGV-5 to improve activity, stability and safety. The Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method was applied to optimize emulsion (Tween 80, Span 80, and Paraffin Liquid) using Design Expert (DE). The DE obtained 14 runs and testing the responses to determine the optimum formula. The optimum formula was then made into five(5) emulgel preparation. The emulgel were tested in vitro to determine percent transmission of erythema (%TE), percent transmission of pigmentation (%TP), and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values as presenting of photostability test. The best formula of emulgel determines the in vivo irritation test, physical characterization, and stability test. Antioxidant activity HGV-5 has an IC₅₀ 180.326 µM, while the Vitamin E as a comparator, was 200.172 µM. HGV-5 has a better antioxidant activity and potential as a stabilizer agent. The DE chosen the optimum formula of emulsion were Tween 80 3.15% (v/v), Span 80 3.75% (v/v), and Paraffin Liquid 3.1% (v/v). F4 showed good photostability and obtained SPF values in the ultra protection category and %TE and %TP in the sunblock category. Referring to the storage results, the optimum formula was stable for a month. The irritation test of F4 showed that the PII value was 0 in the treatment group compared to the control group. F4 revealed that does not cause irritation, so it can be concluded that F4 is safe.

References

Bhalke, R.D., Kulkarni, S.S., Kendre, P.N., Pande, V. V., dan Giri, M.A., 2020. A facile approach to fabrication and characterization of novel herbal microemulsion-based UV shielding cream. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6: .
Butkeviciute, A., Ramanauskiene, K., dan Janulis, V., 2022. Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with Malus domestica Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro. Antioxidants, 11: .
Charisma, S. L. Daya Tabir Surya dan Antioksidan Formula Krim Ekstrak Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L) dan Rimpang Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia (Roxb.) Schlecht). 2012. Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
Cursino, A.C.T., da Silva Lisboa, F., dos Santos Pyrrho, A., de Sousa, V.P., dan Wypych, F., 2013. Layered double hydroxides intercalated with anionic surfactants/benzophenone as potential materials for sunscreens. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 397: 88–95.
D’Orazio, J., Jarrett, S., Amaro-Ortiz, A., dan Scott, T., 2013. UV radiation and the skin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14: 12222–12248.
Damayanti, R.H., Meylina, L., dan Rusli, R., 2017. Formulasi Sediaan Lotion Tabir Surya Ekstrak Daun Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden Spreng). Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 6: 167–172.
Elcistia, R. dan Zulkarnain, A.K., 2019. Optimasi Formula Sediaan Krim o/w Kombinasi Oksibenzon dan Titanium Dioksida Serta Uji Aktivitas Tabir Suryanya Secara In Vivo. Majalah Farmaseutik, 14: 63.
Fadilah Mumtazah, E., Salsabila, S., Suci Lestari, E., Khoirul Rohmatin, A., Noviana Ismi, A., Aulia Rahmah, H., dkk., 2020. Pengetahuan Mengenai Sunscreen Dan Bahaya Paparan Sinar Matahari Serta Perilaku Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil Terhadap Penggunaan Sunscreen. Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas, 7: 63–68.
Gunia-Krzyżak, A., Słoczyńska, K., Popiół, J., Koczurkiewicz, P., Marona, H., dan Pękala, E., 2018. Cinnamic acid derivatives in cosmetics: current use and future prospects. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40: 356–366.
Gurning, H.E.T., Wullur, A.C., dan Lolo, W.A., 2016. Formulasi Sediaan Losio Dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus L. (Merr)) Sebagai Tabir Surya. PHARMACON Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi-UNSRAT, 5: 110–115.
Kockler, J., Oelgemöller, M., Robertson, S., dan Glass, B.D., 2012. Photostability of sunscreens. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 13: 91–110.
Light, K. dan Karboune, S., 2022. Emulsion, hydrogel and emulgel systems and novel applications in cannabinoid delivery: a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62: 8199–8229.
Lolo WA, Sri S, Hosea JE. Penentuan nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) herba krokot (Portulacaoleracea L.). Jurnal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research. 2017;02: h 1-5.
Lorigo, M. dan Cairrao, E., 2019. Antioxidants as stabilizers of UV filters: an example for the UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate. Biomedical Dermatology, 3: 1–9.
Meliala, D.I.P., Wahyudi, W., dan Nelva, N., 2020. FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS KRIM TABIR SURYA EKSTRAK BIJI KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) DENGAN KOMBINASI AVOBENZONE DAN OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE. Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal, 2: 50–58.
Novita Sari et.al, 2015. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Tetrahidroheksagamavunon-5 ( Thhgv-5 ) Isbn : 978-602-73159-0-7. Seminar Nasional Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia VII, VII: .
Nugrahaeni, F., Fatmawati, S., Nursal, F.K., dan Hidayat, V.Y., 2021. FORMULASI DAN UJI FAKTOR PELINDUNG SURYA KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L.). Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi, 18: 87.
Owusu, P.A. dan Sarkodie, S.A., 2020. Global estimation of mortality, disability-adjusted life years and welfare cost from exposure to ambient air pollution. Science of the Total Environment, 742: 140636.
Ratnapuri, P.H., Haitami, F., dan Fitriana, M., 2019. Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Emulgel Ekstrak Etanol Daging Buah Limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq.) Müll. Arg.). Jurnal Pharmascience, 6: 8.
Ritmaleni, Juson, Zulkarnain, A.K., Indaryanti, A.E., dan Fatmawati, A., 2023. the Effect of Variation Concentration of Tetrahydrohexagamavunon-5 (Thhgv-5) in Emulgel Preparation on Acute Dermal Irritation Effect and Sun Protecting Factor (Spf) Value. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 15: 282–287.
Sah, S.K., Badola, A., dan Mukhopadhyay, S., 2017. Development and evaluation of tioconazole loaded emulgel. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 9: 83–90.
Shovyana, H.H. dan Zulkarnain, A.K., 2013. Physical Stability and Activity of Cream W/O Etanolic Fruit Extract of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpha (scheff.) Boerl.) as a Sunscreen. Trad. Med. J, 18: 109–117.
Tampucci, S., Burgalassi, S., Chetoni, P., dan Monti, D., 2018. Cutaneous permeation and penetration of sunscreens: Formulation strategies and in vitro methods. Cosmetics, 5: .
Tanjung, Y.P., Akmal, T., dan Virginia, H., 2022. Formulation of Hand Cream Essential Oil of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Leaves. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 1: 33.
Taupik, M., Kunusa, W.R., Kilo, J. La, Suryadi, A.M.A., dan Ahmad, Z., 2022. Evaluasi kemampuan tabir surya ekstrak biji jagung (Zea mays L .) secara in vitro menggunakan metode spektrofotometri uv-vis. Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research, 4: 284–292.
Xu, C., Zeng, X., Yang, Z., dan Ji, H., 2021. Sunscreen enhancement of octyl methoxycinnamate microcapsules by using two biopolymers as wall materials. Polymers, 13: