HPLC tracing of sennosides and quality control study of laxative herbal medicine “Al-Halol”

Ahmed Aljameeli; Mohamed Ashour

doi:10.22146/ijp.2876

Ahmed Aljameeli Dept Of Pharmacology and toxicology., Faculty of pharmacy, Northern Border University, KSA
Mohamed A. Ashour a) Department of Phytochemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha- 91911, P.O. BOX 840, KSA. b)Department of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-5885

Keywords: Al-Halol; quality control; laxative herbal medicine; HPLC tracing of sennosides.

Abstract

Al-Halol is a famous herbal recipe, formed of senna and supportive herbal remedies. It is distributed widely in the herbal markets of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and other Gulf countries. Al-Halol is prescribed for intestinal evacuation and treatment of different forms of constipation. The aim of the present study was to deal with the quality control (QC) status of three different formulations of “Al-Halol” (Lax-1, Lax-2 and Lax-3). A simple method was designed for isolation of crude sennosides fraction from standard senna leaves and utilized for HPLC tracing of sennosides in the tested herbal medicines along with several qualitative and quantitative QC tests. The present study revealed tentatively the presence of 3.6 % senna pods, 29.1% senna leaves and 22.6 % senna leaves as principle material in Lax-1, Lax-2 and Lax-3 respectively, percentage of intestinal motility in mice was also determined as 28.4%, 65.19% and 60.73% for Lax-1, Lax-2 and Lax-3 respectively compared with negative control (54.78%), and positive controls (i.e. senna leave extract = 81.2 %, and bisacodyl =76.7 %). There was a statistically significant difference between all groups (p value < 0.001), except between standard senna leaves extract and bisacodyl and between Lax-2 and Lax-3 extracts. However, great variations have been recorded between the different samples. The present work provides a simple method for isolation and HPLC tracing of sennosides in senna drugs. It is the first time for evaluation and QC study of these laxative herbal formulations.

References

Al-Antaky D. bin O., 1980.Tazkerat Ouly-Alalbab. Printed through Cultural library press; Beirut, Lebanon; pp 172 – 175.
Al-Asfahani A bin I., 2006. Encyclopedia of the Prophet medicine., study and investigation by PhD Mustafa Khedr Alturkey, PhD thesis. Islamic Europe University, Netherlands. Printed through: Dar Ibn Hazm; Beirut, Lebanon 2006.pp 582-583
Al-Kazweini M bin M., 1975. Sunnan bin Majah. Printed through Dar Ehyaa alkotob alarabiyah . Cairo Egypt. Prophet Hadith No. 3457. pp 1144
Bhadoriya, S. S., Ganeshpurkar, A., Narwaria, J., Rai, G., & Jain, A. P. 2011. Tamarindus indica: Extent of explored potential. Pharmacognosy reviews, 5(9), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.79102
Ekor M. (2014). The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Frontiers in pharmacology, 4, 177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00177
PDR Staff 2000. Senna. In Physicians’ Disk Reference (PDR) for Herbal Medicines. Montvale, NJ. Thomson Healthcare, Inc. USA. pp 684 – 688.
Gardner Z., McGuffin M. 2013. In: Botanical safety handbook. 2nd edition, American herbal product association’s. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. pp 951 – 4, 860-861.
Guarize, L., Costa, J. C., Dutra, L. B., Mendes, R. F., Lima, I. V., & Scio, E. 2012. Anti-inflammatory, laxative and intestinal motility effects of Senna macranthera leaves. Natural product research, 26(4), 331–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786411003754264
Lüde, S., Vecchio, S., Sinno-Tellier, S., Dopter, A., Mustonen, H., Vucinic, S., Jonsson, B., Müller, D., Veras Gimenez Fruchtengarten, L., Hruby, K., De Souza Nascimento, E., Di Lorenzo, C., Restani, P., Kupferschmidt, H., & Ceschi, A. 2016. Adverse Effects of Plant Food Supplements and Plants Consumed as Food: Results from the Poisons Centres-Based PlantLIBRA Study. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 30(6), 988–996. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5604
Marvola, M., Koponen, A., Hiltunen, R., & Hieltala, P. 1981, The effect of raw material purity on the acute toxicity and laxative effect of sennosides. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 33(2), 108–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13723.x
NTP report 2012. National Toxicology Program Report on the toxicology study of senna (CAS no. 8013-11-4). National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. pp 1-106
Nielsen SS., 2017. Chapter 14. total Carbohydrate by Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method. In: Food Analysis Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Edited by S. Suzanne Nielsen Springer Nature, Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland: Springer; pp. 137 - 141
Pasanen M. E. (2014). Evaluation and treatment of colonic symptoms. The Medical clinics of North America, 98(3), 529–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.009
Shah BN., Seth AK., 2010.Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. Haryana, India: Elsevier press; pp 160 -161, 189-190, and 232-234.
Sweetman S., 2009. The complete drug reference. In: Martindale, 36th ed. London, England: The Pharmaceutical Press; pp 1769 – 1770.
WHO, 1993. Research Guidelines for Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines, printed in Manila. pp1-6
WHO, 2004. WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance systems. pp 1-25.
WHO, 1999. monographs on selected medicinal plants. Vol. 1. Geneva: WHO press; pp 246 & 254.
WHO, 2007. Monographs on selected medicinal plants. Vol 3. Geneva: WHO press; pp 48, 144, 353, 363 and 364.
WHO, 2009. Monographs on selected medicinal plants. Vol. 4. Geneva. WHO press; pp 78 – 79.
WHO, 2011. QCmethods for herbal materials. Updated edition of QCmethods for medicinal plant materials. WHO Press; Printed in Malta. pp 11-23.
WHO, 2019.WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine, WHO Press, Geneva. pp 111- 112. Printed in Luxembourg.