Determinant of Smoking Cessation Behavior among Low Dependence Smokers: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Keywords:
DCE, FTND, low dependence smokes, smoking cessation, trade-off
Abstract
Smoking is one of the major factors of morbidity and mortality in the world. The main causes of death of smokers are extensive chronic diseases. The proportion of smokers in Indonesia is 28.96%, especially in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, the proportion of smokers is 24.54%. This study aims to determine what types of trade-offs in low dependence smokers choose to support smoking cessation and low dependence smokers’ preferences based on socio-demographic characteristics. Smokers in the Yogyakarta city were surveyed to elicit their preferences for, and trade-offs between the attributes of a hypothetical smoking cessation behavior. Preferences for price of cigarette, health impact, warning label, availability of support, and service provided were assessed using the discrete choice experiment method. The degree of dependence on nicotine assessed by using Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and self–administered questionnaires containing five attributes and levels based on trade-off is delivered. The data analyzed using binary logistic regression test. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that most respondents were affected by marital status, recent education, occupation, the place where the respondent was smoked, and the history of quitting smoking in choosing the choice set. Most respondents chose choice set with the price of cigarettes around IDR 25,000-30,000; cancer which is a side effect of smoking that they afraid of, the effect of warning labels and support from neighborhood, and they prefer assistance from health services in the form of drugs to support them to stop smoking. The results of this study is that respondents tend to prefer factors that make them easier and faster in supporting smoking cessation.
References
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Garey, L., Rogers, A. H., Manning, K., Smit, T., Derrick, J. L., Viana, A. G., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2020). Effects of smoking cessation treatment attendance on abstinence: The moderating role of psychologically based behavioral health conditions. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 109, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.10.006
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Henley, S. J., Asman, K., Momin, B., Gallaway, M. S., Culp, M. B. B., Ragan, K. R., Richards, T. B., & Babb, S. (2019). Smoking cessation behaviors among older U.S. adults. Preventive Medicine Reports, 16(July), 100978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100978
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Ng, N., Weinehall, L., & Öhman, A. (2007). “If I don’t smoke, I’m not a real man” - Indonesian teenage boys’ views about smoking. Health Education Research, 22(6), 794–804. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyl104
Promberger, M., Dolan, P., & Marteau, T. M. (2012). “ Pay them if it works” : Discrete choice experiments on the acceptability of financial incentives to change health related behaviour. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12), 2509–2514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.033
Quist, H. G., Christensen, U., Carneiro, I. G., Hansen, J. V., & Bjorner, J. B. (2014). Do colleagues influence our lifestyle: The matter of smoking, body mass index and leisure-time physical activity? Preventive Medicine, 67, 166–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.032
Regmi, K., Kaphle, D., Timilsina, S., & Tuha, N. A. A. (2018). Application of Discrete-Choice Experiment Methods in Tobacco Control: A Systematic Review. PharmacoEconomics - Open, 2(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-017-0025-4
Rios, L. E., Herval, Á. M., Ferreira, R. C., & Freire, M. do C. M. (2019). Prevalences of Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation in Adolescents and Associated Factors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.09.005
Salloum, R. G., Abbyad, C. W., Kohler, R. E., Kratka, A. K., Oh, L., & Wood, K. A. (2015). Assessing preferences for a university-based smoking cessation program in Lebanon: A discrete choice experiment. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 17(5), 580–585. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu188
Scheffers-Van Schayck, T., Tuithof, M., Otten, R., Engels, R., & Kleinjan, M. (2019). Smoking Behavior of Women Before, During, and after Pregnancy: Indicators of Smoking, Quitting, and Relapse. European Addiction Research, 25(3), 132–144. https://doi.org/10.1159/000498988
Shaikh, W., Nugawela, M. D., & Szatkowski, L. (2015). What are the main sources of smoking cessation support used by adolescent smokers in England? A cross-sectional study Health behavior, health promotion and society. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1925-9
Statistics, C. B. of. (2021). Percentage of smoking in population age 15 Years and Over. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/30/1435/1/persentase-merokok-pada-penduduk-umur-15-tahun-menurut-provinsi.html
Talhout, R., Schulz, T., Florek, E., van Benthem, J., Wester, P., & Opperhuizen, A. (2011). Hazardous compounds in tobacco smoke. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(2), 613–628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8020613
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Valera, P., Reid, A., Acuna, N., & Mackey, D. (2019). The smoking behaviors of incarcerated smokers. Health Psychology Open, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102918819930
van den Brand, F. A., Nagtzaam, P., Nagelhout, G. E., Winkens, B., & van Schayck, C. P. (2019). The association of peer smoking behavior and social support with quit success in employees who participated in a smoking cessation intervention at the workplace. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162831
Yong, L. C., Luckhaupt, S. E., Li, J., & Calvert, G. M. (2014). Quit interest, quit attempt and recent cigarette smoking cessation in the US working population, 2010. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 71(6), 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-101852
Brunette, M. F., Ferron, J. C., Aschbrenner, K. A., Pratt, S. I., Geiger, P., & Kosydar, S. (2019). Attitudes about smoking cessation treatment, intention to quit, and cessation treatment utilization among young adult smokers with severe mental illnesses. Addictive Behaviors, 89(January 2018), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.028
Clark, M. D., Determann, D., Petrou, S., Moro, D., & de Bekker-Grob, E. W. (2014). Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics: A Review of the Literature. PharmacoEconomics, 32(9), 883–902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-014-0170-x
Drope, J., Schluger, N., Cahn, Z., Drope, J., Hamill, S., Islami, F., Liber, A., Nargis, N., & Stoklosa, M. (2018). The Tobacco Atlas. Atlanta: American Cancer Society and Vital Strategies. In the American Cancer Society, Inc. www.tobaccoatlas.org
Dwinta, E., Kristina, S. A., & Trung, V. Q. (2019). Discrete Choice Experiment of Smoking Cessation Behavior among Low Dependence Smokers. Thesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
Garey, L., Rogers, A. H., Manning, K., Smit, T., Derrick, J. L., Viana, A. G., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2020). Effects of smoking cessation treatment attendance on abstinence: The moderating role of psychologically based behavioral health conditions. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 109, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.10.006
Goto, R., Takahashi, Y., Nishimura, S., & Ida, T. (2009). A cohort study to examine whether time and risk preference is related to smoking cessation success. Addiction, 104(6), 1018–1024. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02585.x
Hammond, D., McDonald, P. W., Fong, G. T., Brown, K. S., & Cameron, R. (2004). The impact of cigarette warning labels and smoke-free bylaws on smoking cessation: Evidence from former smokers. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 95(3), 201–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03403649
Henley, S. J., Asman, K., Momin, B., Gallaway, M. S., Culp, M. B. B., Ragan, K. R., Richards, T. B., & Babb, S. (2019). Smoking cessation behaviors among older U.S. adults. Preventive Medicine Reports, 16(July), 100978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100978
Henriksen, L. (2012). Comprehensive tobacco marketing restrictions: Promotion, packaging, price and place. Tobacco Control, 21(2), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050416
Hoek, J., Wong, C., Gendall, P., Louviere, J., & Cong, K. (2011). Effects of dissuasive packaging on young adult smokers. Tobacco Control, 20(3), 183–188. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.037861
Kim, E. G., Park, S. K., Lee, Y. M., Hyun, M. Y., & Narapareddy, L. (2020). Factors associated with maintenance of smoking cessation in adolescents after implementation of tobacco pricing policy in South Korea: Evidence from the 11th Youth Health Behavior Survey. Research in Nursing and Health, 43(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21996
Krist, A. H., Davidson, K. W., Mangione, C. M., Barry, M. J., Cabana, M., Caughey, A. B., Donahue, K., Doubeni, C. A., Epling, J. W., Kubik, M., Ogedegbe, G., Pbert, L., Silverstein, M., Simon, M. A., Tseng, C. W., & Wong, J. B. (2021). Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Jama, 325(3), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.25019
Kristina, S. A., Trung, V. Q., Permitasari, N. P. A. L., Dwinta, E., & Rahman, F. (2018). Individual, Social and Psychological Characteristics of Smoking Cessation Behaviors: A Systematic Review. Global Journal of Health Science, 10(10), 55. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n10p55
Larzelere, M. M., & Williams, D. E. (2012). Promoting smoking cessation. American Family Physician, 85(6), 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4812328
Marti, J. (2012). Assessing preferences for improved smoking cessation medications: A discrete choice experiment. European Journal of Health Economics, 13(5), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-011-0333-z
Matouq, A., Khader, Y., Khader, A., Al-Rabadi, A., Al Omari, M., Iblan, I., & Al-Sheyab, N. (2018). Knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of health professionals towards smoking cessation in primary healthcare settings. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 8(6), 938–943. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibx045
Ng, N., Weinehall, L., & Öhman, A. (2007). “If I don’t smoke, I’m not a real man” - Indonesian teenage boys’ views about smoking. Health Education Research, 22(6), 794–804. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyl104
Promberger, M., Dolan, P., & Marteau, T. M. (2012). “ Pay them if it works” : Discrete choice experiments on the acceptability of financial incentives to change health related behaviour. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12), 2509–2514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.033
Quist, H. G., Christensen, U., Carneiro, I. G., Hansen, J. V., & Bjorner, J. B. (2014). Do colleagues influence our lifestyle: The matter of smoking, body mass index and leisure-time physical activity? Preventive Medicine, 67, 166–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.032
Regmi, K., Kaphle, D., Timilsina, S., & Tuha, N. A. A. (2018). Application of Discrete-Choice Experiment Methods in Tobacco Control: A Systematic Review. PharmacoEconomics - Open, 2(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-017-0025-4
Rios, L. E., Herval, Á. M., Ferreira, R. C., & Freire, M. do C. M. (2019). Prevalences of Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation in Adolescents and Associated Factors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.09.005
Salloum, R. G., Abbyad, C. W., Kohler, R. E., Kratka, A. K., Oh, L., & Wood, K. A. (2015). Assessing preferences for a university-based smoking cessation program in Lebanon: A discrete choice experiment. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 17(5), 580–585. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu188
Scheffers-Van Schayck, T., Tuithof, M., Otten, R., Engels, R., & Kleinjan, M. (2019). Smoking Behavior of Women Before, During, and after Pregnancy: Indicators of Smoking, Quitting, and Relapse. European Addiction Research, 25(3), 132–144. https://doi.org/10.1159/000498988
Shaikh, W., Nugawela, M. D., & Szatkowski, L. (2015). What are the main sources of smoking cessation support used by adolescent smokers in England? A cross-sectional study Health behavior, health promotion and society. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1925-9
Statistics, C. B. of. (2021). Percentage of smoking in population age 15 Years and Over. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/30/1435/1/persentase-merokok-pada-penduduk-umur-15-tahun-menurut-provinsi.html
Talhout, R., Schulz, T., Florek, E., van Benthem, J., Wester, P., & Opperhuizen, A. (2011). Hazardous compounds in tobacco smoke. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(2), 613–628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8020613
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease. In How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General.
Valera, P., Reid, A., Acuna, N., & Mackey, D. (2019). The smoking behaviors of incarcerated smokers. Health Psychology Open, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102918819930
van den Brand, F. A., Nagtzaam, P., Nagelhout, G. E., Winkens, B., & van Schayck, C. P. (2019). The association of peer smoking behavior and social support with quit success in employees who participated in a smoking cessation intervention at the workplace. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162831
Yong, L. C., Luckhaupt, S. E., Li, J., & Calvert, G. M. (2014). Quit interest, quit attempt and recent cigarette smoking cessation in the US working population, 2010. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 71(6), 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-101852
Published
2024-05-15
How to Cite
Dwinta, E., Kristina, S. A., & Trung, V. Q. (2024). Determinant of Smoking Cessation Behavior among Low Dependence Smokers: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.6748
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Section
Research Article
