The Effect Formulation on The Activity of Catechins as A Sunscreen and Skin Lightening
Keywords:
gel, nanoemulsion, catechin gambier, SPF, lightening agent
Abstract
Catechins are found in many plants, one of which comes from gambier. The stability of catechins which is affected by pH and temperature also affects the activity test after being made in dosage form. This study aims to see the effect of catechin formulations in the form of gel and nanoemulsion on the activity of sunscreen and skin lightening. Tests carried out in vitro included antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH method and B16F0 cell viability against catechins, determination of Sun Protecting Factor (SPF), Protection grade UVA (PA), tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibition using the spectrophotometric method of catechin formulas in the form of gel and nanoemulsion dosage forms. The results showed that catechins have very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 16.421 µg/mL, not toxic to B16F0 cells up to a concentration of 200 µg/mL. Catechins gel and nanoemulsion dosage forms have good stability during storage. The formulation had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the value of SPF, PA, percentage of tyrosinase, and melanogenesis inhibition. Catechins in the form of nanoemulsion formulation provide better sunscreen and skin lightening activity than those in gel dosage forms.
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Monika, P., Basavaraj, B. V, Murthy, K. N. C., Ahalya, N., & Gurudev, K. (2017). Nanocapsules of catechin rich extract for enhanced antioxidant potential and in vitro bioavailability. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(01), 184–188.
Musdja, M. Y., Rahman, H. A., & Hasan, D. (2018). Antioxidant activity of catechins isolate of Uncaria gambier Roxb in male rate. LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences, 4(2), 34–46.
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Samanta, A., Bandyopadhyay, B., & Das, N. (2016). Formulation of catechin hydrate nanocapsule and study of its bioavailability. Medicinal Chemistry, 6(6), 399–404. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0444.1000376
Sato, K., & Toriyama, M. (2009). Depigmenting Effect of Catechins. Molecules, 14, 4425–4432. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/molecules14114425
Stevanato, R., Bertelle, M., & Fabris, S. (2014). Photoprotective characteristics of natural antioxidant polyphenols. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 69(1), 71–77. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.02.014
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Verawaty, V., Halim, A., Febriyenti, F., & Dewi, I. P. (2019). Catechin liposome gel formulation. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 11(9), 17–23.
Widowati, W., Rani, A. P., Hamzah, R. A., Arumwardana, S., Afifah, E., Kusuma, H. S. W., … Amalia, A. (2017). Antioxidant and antiaging assays of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract and its compounds. Natural Product Sciences, 23(3), 192–200.
Anggraini, T., Tai, A., Yoshino, T., & Itani, T. (2011). Antioxidative activity and catechin content of four kinds of Uncaria gambir extracts from West Sumatra, Indonesia. African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 5(1), 33–38.
Biang, J. (2022). The importance of catechins. Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science, 11(2), 01.
Cai, Z., Li, X., Liang, J., Xiang, L., Wang, K., Shi, Y., Liang, Y.-R. (2018). Bioavailability of tea catechins and its improvement. Molecules, 23(2346), 1–18.
Chung, S., Lim, G. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2019). Quantitative analysis of melanin content in a three-dimensional melanoma cell culture. Scientific Reports, 9(780), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37055-y
D’Ischia, M., Wakamatsu, K., Napolitano, A., Briganti, S., Garcia-Borron, J.-C., Kovacs, D., … Ito, S. (2013). Melanins and melanogenesis: methods, standards, protocols. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, 26(5), 616–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12121
Donglikar, M. M., & Deore, S. L. (2016). Sunscreens : A review. Pharmacognosy Journal, 8(3), 171–179.
Fujimaki, T., Mori, S., Horikawa, M., & Fukui, Y. (2018). Isolation of proanthocyanidins from red wine, and their inhibitory effects on melanin synthesis in vitro. Food Chemistry, 248, 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.024
Gupta, A., Eral, H. B., Hatton, T. A., & Doyle, P. S. (2016). Nanoemulsions: formation, properties and applications. Soft Matter, 12, 2826–2841. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02958a
Gurpreet, K., & Singh, S. K. (2018). Review of nanoemulsion formulation and characterization techniques. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 80(5), 781–789.
Hu, D. (2008). Methodology for evaluation of melanin content and production of pigment cells in vitro. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 84, 645–649.
Kamal, S., & Rusdi, M. S. (2018). Utilization of catechins in sunscreen lotion formulation. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy, 1(2), 68–71.
Kamiloglu, S., Sari, G., Ozdal, T., & Capanoglu, E. (2020). Guidelines for cell viability assays. Food Frontiers, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.44
Kapoor, M. P., Sugita, M., Fukuzawa, Y., Timm, D., Ozeki, M., & Okubo, T. (2021). Green tea catechin association with ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema: A systematic review and meta-analysis mahendra. Molecules, 26(3702), 1–20.
Khunkitti, W., Satthanakul, P., Waranuch, N., Pitaksuteepong, T., & Kitikhun, P. (2014). Method for screening sunscreen cream formulations by determination of in vitro SPF and PA values using UV transmission spectroscopy and texture profile analysis. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 65, 1–13.
Laksmiani, N. P. L., Sanjaya, I. K. N., & Leliqia, N. P. E. (2020). The activity of avocado (Persea americana Mill .) seed extract containing catechin as a skin lightening agent. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 8(5), 449–456.
Lee, S., Yu, J. S., Phung, H. M., Lee, J. G., Kim, K. H., & Kang, K. S. (2020). Potential anti-skin aging effect of (-)-catechin isolated from the root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated normal human dermal fibroblasts. Antioxidants, 9(981), 1–13.
Li, N., Taylor, L. S., Ferruzzi, M. G., & Mauer, L. J. (2012). Kinetic study of catechin stability: Effects of pH, concentration, and temperature. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(51), 12531–12539.
Liang, Y.-R., Kang, S., Deng, L., Xiang, L., & Zheng, X.-Q. (2014). Inhibitory effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on melanogenesis in ultraviolet A-induced B16 murine melanoma cell. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(11), 1825–1831. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i11.8
Masyita, Sayekti, E., & Nurlina. (2022). Flavonoid compounds of the catechin from wungu (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) leaves and the sun protecting factor value. Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 11(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2022.v11.i1.31-38
Matsumoto, M., Todo, H., Akiyama, T., Hirata-koizumi, M., Sugibayashi, K., Ikarashi, Y., … Yokoyama, K. (2016). Risk assessment of skin lightening cosmetics containing hydroquinone. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 81, 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.08.005
Monika, P., Basavaraj, B. V, Murthy, K. N. C., Ahalya, N., & Gurudev, K. (2017). Nanocapsules of catechin rich extract for enhanced antioxidant potential and in vitro bioavailability. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(01), 184–188.
Musdja, M. Y., Rahman, H. A., & Hasan, D. (2018). Antioxidant activity of catechins isolate of Uncaria gambier Roxb in male rate. LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences, 4(2), 34–46.
Pillaiyar, T., Namasivayam, V., Manickam, M., & Jung, S. (2018). Inhibitors of melanogenesis: An updated review. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 61(17), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00967
Samanta, A., Bandyopadhyay, B., & Das, N. (2016). Formulation of catechin hydrate nanocapsule and study of its bioavailability. Medicinal Chemistry, 6(6), 399–404. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0444.1000376
Sato, K., & Toriyama, M. (2009). Depigmenting Effect of Catechins. Molecules, 14, 4425–4432. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/molecules14114425
Stevanato, R., Bertelle, M., & Fabris, S. (2014). Photoprotective characteristics of natural antioxidant polyphenols. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 69(1), 71–77. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.02.014
Sudha, T., Salaheldin, T. A., Darwish, N. H. E., & Mousa, S. A. (2021). Enhanced anti-angiogenic and anticancer efficacy of nanoformulated catechin in the chemoprevention of skin cancer. Research Square, 1–22.
Verawaty, V., Halim, A., Febriyenti, F., & Dewi, I. P. (2019). Catechin liposome gel formulation. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 11(9), 17–23.
Widowati, W., Rani, A. P., Hamzah, R. A., Arumwardana, S., Afifah, E., Kusuma, H. S. W., … Amalia, A. (2017). Antioxidant and antiaging assays of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract and its compounds. Natural Product Sciences, 23(3), 192–200.
Published
2025-03-27
How to Cite
Widyastuti, W., Florida, G., & Triananda, L. R. (2025). The Effect Formulation on The Activity of Catechins as A Sunscreen and Skin Lightening . Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.8526
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Research Article
