Keywords
solidarity
crisis
opinion leader
twitter
connective action
crisis
opinion leader
connective action
How to Cite
Kristianto, K., Ramadhan, A. B., & Marsetyo, F. D. (2021). Media Sosial dan Connective Action: Studi Kasus Penggunaan Twitter sebagai Ruang Solidaritas selama Pandemi COVID-19. Journal of Social Development Studies, 2(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsds.1037
Abstract
Tulisan ini membahas munculnya aksi solidaritas di media sosial Twitter. Dengan menggunakan kerangka teori connective action dan efektivitas gerakan di media sosial, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana aksi solidaritas di Twitter muncul dan menjelaskan aktor yang terlibat di dalamnya. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk menjelaskan efektivitas dari aksi solidaritas. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis media sosial dan analisis konten. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksi solidaritas yang muncul di Twitter merupakan respons atas situasi krisis akibat pandemi COVID-19. Meskipun merespons isu dalam rentang waktu yang sama dan menggunakan narasi yang serupa, aksi solidaritas yang dimunculkan oleh individu, organisasi, dan komunitas dilakukan secara personal dan tidak saling terikat secara langsung. Namun demikian, tidak semua aksi solidaritas mendapatkan impresi/engagement yang tinggi. Aktor yang menjadi opinion leader, yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor indegree, retweet dan mention, memiliki pengaruh besar dalam melakukan aksi solidaritas.
This article discusses the emergence of solidarity actions on Twitter social media. Using the framework of connective action and the effectiveness of social media movements, this paper aims to explain how solidarity actions on Twitter emerge and explain the actors involved in it. Besides, this paper also aims to explain the effectiveness of solidarity actions. The research was conducted with social media analysis and content analysis. Research shows that the solidarity action that appears on Twitter is a response to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although responding to issues in the same time frame and using similar narratives, solidarity actions raised by individuals, organizations, and communities are carried out personally and are not directly tied to each other. However, not all solidarity actions received high impressions/engagement. Actors who are opinion leaders, who are influenced by indegree, retweet, and mention factors, have a big influence in carrying out solidarity actions.
Keywords: solidarity; crisis; opinion leader; twitter; connective action
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Shirky, C. (2011). The Political Power of Social Media: Technology, the Public Sphere, and Political Change. Foreign Affairs, 90(1), 28-41.
Shumate, M. (2008). Connective Collective Action Online: An Examination of The Hyperlink Network Structure of An NGO Issue Network. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(1), 178–201.
Small, T. A. (2011). What The Hashtag? A content analysis of Canadian politics on Twitter. Information, Communication & Society, 14(6), 872-895.
Stieglitz, S., & Dang-Xuan, L. (2012). Social media and political communication: a social media analytics framework. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 3(4), 1277-1291.
Stieglitz, S., Mirbabaie, M., Ross, B., & Neuberger, C. (2018). Social media analytics – Challenges in topic discovery, data collection, and data preparation. International Journal of Information Management, 39(14), 156-168.
Syambudi, I. (2020). Tirto. Dipetik September 21, 2020, dari https://tirto.id/aksi-solidaritas-pandemi-corona-dapur-umum-hingga-donasi-rp50-juta-eJVL
Theocharis, Y., Lowe, W., Deth, J. W., & Garcia-Albacete, G. (2014). Using Twitter to Mobilize Protest Action: Online Mobilization Patterns and Action Repertoires in The Occupy Wall Street, Indignados, and Aganaktismenoi Movements. Information, Communication & Society, 18(2), 202-220.
Tirto. (2020, Agustus 19). COVID-19 RI: Di Antara Ilusi Rasa Aman & Potensi Kolaps Layanan RS? Dipetik September 14, 2020, dari Tirto: https://tirto.id/covid-19-ri-di-antara-ilusi-rasa-aman-potensi-kolaps-layanan-rs-fYLi
Toch, H. (2014). The Social Pyschology of Social Movements (Edisi Pertama ed.). Hove: Routledge.
Toepfl, F. (2018). From Connective to Collective Action: Internet Elections as A Digital Tool to Centralize and Formalize Protest In Russia. Information, Communication & Society, 21(4), 531-547.
Tufekci, Z. (2014). Social Movements and Governments in The Digital Age: Evaluating A Complex Landscape. Journal of International Affairs, 68(1), 1-18.
Vicari, S., & Cappai, F. (2016). Health Activism and The Logic of Connective Action. A Case Study of Rare Disease Patient Organisations. Information, Communication & Society, 19(11), 1653-1671.
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Vromen, A., Xenos, M. A., & Loader, B. (2015). Young People, Social Media and Connective Action: From Organisational Maintenance to Everyday Political Talk. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(1), 80-100.
Webster, F. (2014). Theories of The Information Society (Edisi Keempat ed.). Oxon: Routledge.
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