Oportunitas Pengembangan Konsep Benefit Sharing dalam Kebijakan Iklim

  • Olivia Allyana Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Rachma Indriyani Hukum Internasional, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Abstract

Artikel ini menganalisis penerapan konsep benefit-sharing dalam kebijakan iklim internasional, dengan fokus pada perlindungan masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif dan konseptual, dengan teknik studi kepustakaan untuk menganalisis peraturan, buku, laporan, dan hasil penelitian yang relevan. Benefit-sharing mengacu pada proses terkoordinasi dan dialogis dalam membangun kemitraan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendistribusikan manfaat ekonomi, sosial budaya, dan lingkungan dengan fokus pada kelompok yang rentan. Meskipun diakui dalam instrumen hukum internasional seperti CBD, penerapannya dalam kerangka kebijakan iklim seperti UNFCCC dan Paris Agreement masih belum eksplisit. Namun, konsep transfer teknologi yang terdapat dalam instrumen ini mencerminkan prinsip benefit-sharing. Contoh implementasi yang berhasil termasuk social forestry di ASEAN dan community forestry di Nepal, yang menunjukkan potensi besar dalam memberikan manfaat langsung kepada masyarakat adat serta mendukung mitigasi perubahan iklim. Namun, potensi risiko dalam penerapannya perlu dimitigasi seperti dalam penerapan Areal Preservasi di Indonesia yang memicu risiko konflik lahan dan marginalisasi masyarakat adat. Artikel ini mengusulkan penguatan pengaturan dan implementasi benefit-sharing dalam kebijakan iklim internasional untuk memastikan keadilan sosial dan kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat yang paling rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim serta kajian hukum nasional yang mendalam dan inklusif.

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Published
2024-12-31
Section
Articles