Penerapan Hukum Internasional dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Tindakan Biopiracy terhadap Keanekaragaman Hayati dengan Konsep Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) di Indonesia
Abstract
Artikel ini menjelaskan penerapan hukum internasional dalam menangani tindakan biopiracy terhadap keanekaragaman hayati di Indonesia melalui konsep Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS). Keanekaragaman hayati dibahas sebagai aset global penting yang memerlukan perlindungan melalui hukum internasional seperti Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), CITES, UNCLOS, dan Protokol Nagoya. Tindakan biopiracy didefinisikan sebagai eksploitasi ilegal sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional tanpa izin atau pembagian manfaat yang adil. Beberapa kasus biopiracy yang melibatkan perusahaan asing di luar negeri Indonesia dianalisis, mengungkap celah hukum, lemahnya pengawasan, dan minimnya partisipasi masyarakat lokal. Hambatan penerapan ABS meliputi belum adanya regulasi nasional khusus, kurangnya kapasitas administratif, kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat lokal, dan terbatasnya teknologi pendukung. Solusi yang disarankan adalah pembentukan regulasi khusus mengenai ABS, implementasi mekanisme IRCC dan checkpoint nasional, peningkatan kapasitas SDM, serta pengembangan sistem database terpadu dengan teknologi blockchain, AI dan geospatial mapping untuk memastikan perlindungan adil dan berkelanjutan atas sumber daya genetik Indonesia.
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Oldham, Paul, “Biopiracy and the Bioeconomy” dalam New Genetics, New Social Formations., London: Routledge, 2007.
Pisupati, Balakrishna, “Access and benefit sharing: issues and experiences from India”, Jindal Global Law Review, Vol. 6, No. 1, (2015).
Prajeesh, Parameswaran, “India lays the cornerstone of biodiversity access and benefit sharing system”, Current Science, Vol. 112, No. 1, (2017).
Purwaningsih, Endang “Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kekayaan Intelektual Warisan Bangsa”, Jurnal MMH, Vol. 41, No. 1, (2012).
Putri, Et. Al., “Communal Rights as Hegemony in The Third World Regime: Indonesian Perspective”, Indonesian Journal of International Law, Vol. 19, No. 2, (2022).
Relly, Eduardo, “Brazil’s implementation of access and benefit-sharing and the Nagoya Protocol: Analyzing some trends and positions in the ongoing debate”, Genetic Resources, Vol. 5, No. 10, (2024).
Reeves, Rosalind, Policing International Trade in Endangered Species: The CITES Treaty and Compliance, London: Routledge, 2002.
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2026-07-31
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