Artikel penelitian
Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021
In-situ catalytic pyrolysis of spirulina platensis residue (SPR): Effect of temperature and amount of C12-4 catalyst on product yield
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Kampus 4, Jl. Ringroad Selatan, Kragilan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Kampus 4, Jl. Ringroad Selatan, Kragilan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Kampus 4, Jl. Ringroad Selatan, Kragilan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Kampus 4, Jl. Ringroad Selatan, Kragilan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstrak
Ketergantungan terhadap energi fosil khususnya minyak bumi, saat ini masih tinggi yaitu mencapai 96% dari total konsumsi. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi ketergantungan energi fosil adalah dengan mengolah sumber energi yang berasal dari biomassa mikroalga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pirolisis mikroalga dengan penambahan katalis C12-4 (Cr2O3 + Fe2O3 + C + CuO + promotor). Sampel yang digunakan adalah residu Spirulina platensis (SPR). Penelitian ini menggunakan reaktor unggun tetap dengan diameter luar 44 mm, diameter dalam 40 mm, dan tinggi reaktor 600 mm. Spirulina platensis dengan ukuran partikel 100 mesh sebanyak 50 gram dicampur dengan katalis C12-4 dengan variasi 5, 10, dan 15 wt.%. Campuran umpan (in-situ) dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor dan ditutup rapat. Pemanas menggunakan arus listrik melalui kawat nikel yang dililitkan pada dinding reaktor. Laju pemanasan pirolisis rata-rata 24,33 °C/menit, variasi suhu 300, 400, 500, 550, dan 600 °C. Kondisi optimum tanpa dan dengan katalis untuk menghasilkan bio-oil memiliki nilai yang berbeda yaitu pirolisis tanpa katalis (500 ⁰C), dengan katalis 5 wt.% (500 ⁰C), 10 wt.% (400 ⁰C) dan 15 wt.% (550 ⁰C) menghasilkan bio-oil 15,00; 17,92; 16,78; dan 16,54. Penggunaan katalis 5, 10, dan 15 wt.% berat dapat meningkatkan fasa air hasil. Yield char dipengaruhi oleh jumlah katalis hanya pada 300 ⁰C, semakin banyak katalis maka yield char semakin menurun. Pirolisis tanpa katalis menghasilkan produk gas tertinggi. Penggunaan katalis sangat signifikan dalam meningkatkan konversi pirolisis dari 48,69 (tanpa katalis) menjadi 62,46% (katalis 15 wt.%) pada suhu 300 ⁰C. Kondisi optimum untuk menghasilkan minyak nabati terbaik adalah pada 600 °C dengan katalis 10% berat, menghasilkan rasio O/C sebesar 0,14.
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