Type and Morphological Character of Local Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry) from North Maluku Province, Indonesia

Asri Subkhan  Mahulette; Anggra  Alfian; Imelda Jeanette  Lawalata; Dessy Ariyani  Marasabessy; Semuel  Laimeheriwa; Muhammad Fajri Ramadhan Muslim  Saleh; Muhammad Fajri Aditthia  Lating

doi:10.22146/jtbb.16457

Asri Subkhan Mahulette Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Maluku, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-2185
Anggra Alfian Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo, Palopo 91959, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; Yayasan Aksi Konservasi Celebica, Palopo 91926, South Sulawesi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7053-2326
Imelda Jeanette Lawalata Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Maluku, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0183-2458
Dessy Ariyani Marasabessy Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Maluku, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6010-8115
Semuel Laimeheriwa Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Maluku, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9302-214X
Muhammad Fajri Ramadhan Muslim Saleh Yayasan Aksi Konservasi Celebica, Palopo 91926, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Universitas Tadulako, Palu 94148, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-5688
Muhammad Fajri Aditthia Lating Agricultural Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Maluku, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.16457

Keywords: Cloves, Diversity, HPA, Morphology, PCA

Abstract

The North Maluku Province is renowned for being the original region where clove distribution started. This region comprises several island groups with high clove diversity. The research aimed to investigate and to recognise the morphological diversity of local cloves in North Maluku Province. The study employed a survey method, which included exploring six islands, namely Ternate, Tidore, Halmahera, Moti, Bacan, and Kasiruta, and led to the discovery of 13 local clove accessions. These accessions are Afo, Zanzibar Merah, Sikotok, Siputih, Rica, Maluku, “Gagang Panjang” clove, Sibela I, Sibela II, Forest Clove, White Zanzibar, Bogor clove, and “Biasa” clove. Based on Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), all clove accessions were morphologically characterised and classified into two groups with a dissimilarity coefficient of 49 %. The first group is the cultivated type of cloves that consists of local Afo cloves, Sibela I, Sibela II, Siputih, Sikotok, Rica, Red Zanzibar, “Gagang Panjang” clove, White Zanzibar, Bogor cloves, “Biasa” cloves, and Maluku cloves. On the other hand, the second group is the wild-type clove group, namely Forest Cloves . The characteristics of local clove accessions based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA) showed a total diversity of 52.5 %.

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