Pengaruh Tonstein terhadap Karakteristik Geokimia Batubara Lapangan Banko, PT Bukit Asam Tbk, Tanjung Enim, Sumatra Selatan

Abstract

Indonesia has abundant fossil energy resources, especially coal, which has long been the backbone of national energy supply. However, the government is committed to shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy. This shift contrasts with the country's vast coal reserves, requiring innovations to enhance coal's value, particularly in the Muara Enim Formation at the Banko Field, owned by PT Bukit Asam Tbk. This area is ideal for studying coal's geochemical properties due to tonstein layers, which enrich trace elements in coal. This study analyzes tonstein's influence on coal's geochemical traits and evaluates valuable and toxic elements. Multivariate statistical methods, including Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA), were used via Python programming. Results show tonstein affects moisture in seams A1 and B1, associated with oxygen, SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, TiO2, Cu, and Mn. It also impacts ash in seams B2 and C, linked to sulfur, V, Co, Zn, As, Pb, and Sr. Seams D and E are more influenced by fixed carbon. Boron (B), abundant in seams D and E, is a valuable element tied to coal with high fixed carbon or calorific value. Conversely, Zinc (Zn), found mainly in seam C, is a toxic element associated with high ash and sulfur levels.