Transformasi Mahar: dari Bentuk Perlindungan kepada Perempuan Menjadi Alat Transaksi Pernikahan

Abstract

This study examines the shifting meanings and functions of dowry in marriage, from ancient times to the modern era. The research is motivated by the phenomenon of dowry which currently often becomes a source of economic problems and domestic violence, differing from its original function as a form of women's protection as recorded in the Code of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC). The absence of clear standards in determining dowry value, especially in oral cultures, often results in value determinations that exceed couples' economic capabilities. Utilizing a literature review method by analyzing various literary sources from ancient civilizations such as Babylonia, Egypt, and Indus, as well as studies of patriarchal culture in Indonesia, this research aims to identify whether dowry still functions as a form of women's protection or has undergone manipulation due to social changes. The findings of this research indicate that there has been a shift in the function and meaning of dowry itself, ranging from changes in scope of use, changes in dowry forms, and changes in understanding due to limited cultural education and customary practices.