.png)
.png)
* Corresponding Author
Radical Scavenging Activity and Acute Toxicity of Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia L.) Seed Oil
https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.52743 Lina Winarti(1*), Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumalasari(2), Evi Umayah Ulfa(3)
(1) Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember
(2) Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember
(3) Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Bitter Gourd or bitter melon (Momordica Charantia L.) is a common type of vegetable and safe for daily consumption. The seeds are part of bitter gourd that useless. Research on bitter melon seed oil has promising commercial applications. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potential and safety of bitter melon seed oil through acute toxicity study. The content of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity was analyzed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. Antioxidant activity is expressed as an IC-50 value. The results showed that the phenol content of bitter melon seed oil was 0.0118 ±0.0006%, the flavonoid content was 0.0127±0.0004%. From the antioxidant activity study, the IC-50 of vitamin C was 2.41 μg / ml, while an IC-50 of bitter melon seed oil was 11.31 ± 0.77 mg/ml. The results of this antioxidant activity study showed very weak activity. The results of the acute-toxicity study show LD-50 cannot be determined precisely because up to the highest dose of 100 ml/kg does not cause death even though it causes toxic symptoms such as diarrhea. Overall, test results indicate that bitter melon seed oil is a compound that is categorized as practically non-toxic with low antioxidant activity.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad Z., Khairul F.Z., Azhar Y., Chiong H.S., Malarvilis S., and Amin I. 2012. Analysis of Polipeptide-K and Oil Isolated from Seeds of Momordica spektrum di atas adalah 5, 3’, 4’ – trihidroksi flavonol. Molecules. 17:9631-9640.
Anjum, .F, Shahid, M., Anwer, B.S., Anwar, S., and Latif, S. 2013. Study of Quality Characteristics and Efficacy of Extraction Solvent/Technique on the Antioxidant Activity of Bitter Gourd Seed. J. Food Process. Technol. 4:1-8.
Anonim. 2007. Lemak Tetap Diperlukan Tubuh. http://www.info-sehat.com/ content.php?s_sid=1048. (5 Desember 2019)
Beloin, N., Gbeassor, M., Akpagana, K., Hudson, J., de Soussa, K., Koumaglo, K., and Arnason, J.T. 2005. Ethnomedicinal uses of Momordicacharantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo and relation to its phytochemistry and biological activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 4:49-55.
Bialek, A., Jelinsk, M., Bamburowicz-klimkowsk, M., and Tokarz, A. 2014. Effect of bitter melon aqueous extract and pomegranate oil on glucose concentration and lipid profile in blood of rats—preliminary study effect of bitter melon aqueous extract and pomegranate oil on glucose concentration and lipid profile in blood of rats. Int J Cardiol Lipidol Res.1:1–7.
Donatus, I.A., and Nurlaila. 1986. Obat Tradisional dan Fitoterapi Uji Toksikologi. Panitia Lustrum VII dan Reuni Fakultas Farmasi UGM, Yogyakarta.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1988. Revised policy for acute toxicity testing. Probit Analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Harborne, J., B. (1987). Phytochemistry Method. (Kosasih Padmawinata dan Iwang Soediro, Penerjemah). Bandung: Penerbit ITB.
Horax, R., Hettiarachchy, N., and Islam, S. 2005. Total Phenolic Contents and Phenolic Acid Constituents in 4 Varieties of Bitter Melons (Momordica charantia) and Antioxidant Activities of their Extracts. J. Food Sci. 70(4):C275 - C280.
Jing, P., Ye, T., Sh,i H., Sheng, Y., Slavin, M., and Gao. 2012. Antioxidant properties and phytochemical composition of China-grown pomegranate seeds. Food.Chem. 132:1457–64.
Khan, M.F., Abutaha, N., Nasr, F.A., Alqahtani, A.S., Noman, O.M., and Wadaan, M.A.M. 2019. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) possess developmental toxicity as revealed by screening the seeds and fruit extracts in zebrafish embryos. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.19:184.
Konuskan, B.D., and Mungan B. Effects of variety, maturation and growing region on chemical properties, fatty acid and sterol compositions of virgin olive oils. 2016. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 93:1499–1508.
Konuskan, D.B., Kamiloglu, O., and Demirkeser, 0. 2019. Fatty Acid Composition, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Grape Seed Oils Obtained by Cold- Pressed and Solvent Extraction. Indian. J. Pharm. Educ. 53:144-150.
Kubola, J., and Siriamornpun, S. 2008. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaf, stem and fruit fraction extracts in vitro. Food Chem. 110:881-90.
Kumaran, A., and Karunakaran R. 2006. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chem. 97: 109–114.
Lee, S.H., Jeong, Y.S., Song, J., Hwang, K.A., Noh, G.M., and Hwang, I.G. 2017. Phenolic acid, carotenoid composition, and antioxidant activity of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) at different maturation stages. Int.J.Food.Prop. 20:s3078-s3087.
Lu, F.C.1995. Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assesment. Taylor & Francis Group.
Lutterodt, H., Slavin, M., Whent, M., Turner, E., and Yu, L.L. 2011. Fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of selected cold-pressed grape seed oils and flours. Food. Chem. 15:391-9.
Mailandari, M. (2012). Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun garcinia kydia roxb dengan metode DPPH dan identifikasi senyawa kimia fraksi ekstrak yang aktif. (Skripsi). Universitas Indonesia. Depok.
Molyneux, P. 2004. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity Songklanakarin. J. Sci. Technol. 26: 211-219.
Noguchi, R., Yasui, Y., Suzuki, R., Hosokawa, M., Fukunaga, K., and Miyashita, K. 2001. Dietary effects of bitter gourd oil on blood and liver lipids of rats. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 396:207–212.
Pedan, V., Popp, M., Rohn, S., Nyfeler, M., and Bongartz, A. 2019. Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Their Contribution to Sensory Properties of Olive Oil. Molecules. Molecules. 24(11): 2041
Ramaiya, S.D., Bujang, J.S., and Zakaria, M.H. 2019. Physicochemical, Faty Acid and Antioxidant Properties of Passion Fruit (Passiflora Species) Seed Oil. Pak. J. Nutr. 18:421-429.
Sharma, U., Lahkar, M., and Lahon, J. 2012. Evaluation of Antidiarrhoeal Potential of Bryophyllum Pinnatum in Experimental Animals. Asian. J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci. 2:28-31.
Tripathi, K. D. 2003. Antimicrobial drugs: general consideration Essential of medical pharmacology Fifth edition. Jaypee: Brothers Medical Publishers.
Xiang, L., Huang, X., Chen, L., Rao, P., and Ke, L. 2007. The reparative effects of Momordica charantia Linn. extract on HIT-T15 pancreatic -Cells. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 16: 249–252.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.52743
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2441
| 
views : 2705
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Majalah Obat Tradisional
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada