Components Analysis of Bioactive Essential Oil Combinations (Lavender, Lemon, and Cinnamon) by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and their Activities against In Vitro Photoaging on Hairless Rat Dorsal Skin

https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.74197

Hardi Astuti Witasari(1*), Kintoko Kintoko(2), Warsi Warsi(3), Salsabila Ramadhan(4), Nadiya Utari(5), Tsania Taskia Nabila(6)

(1) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
(2) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
(3) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
(4) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
(5) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
(6) Biotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Ringroad Barat No.63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The essential oil of lavender, lemon, and cinnamon (LaLC) combination is rich in antioxidants and potentially be used as an anti-wrinkle and strengthens the collagen tissue. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a free radical source that accelerates the aging process and reduces collagen production. This study aims to characterize the chemical components of each oil and determine the best combination as an anti-wrinkle substance. The test was conducted on twenty-four Wistar male rats (Mus musculus) that were divided into six experimental groups consisting of the normal (N), control (C), vehicle control (V), first treatment (T1), second treatment (T2), and third treatment (T3) groups. Each sample was rubbed upon, and the UVB irradiation was administered frequently to each subject. The embedded skin specimen was analyzed using a digital-capable microscope. Data were analyzed through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test. Lavender, lemon, and cinnamon essential oils contained each most significant component, which was linalool (41.46% peak area), dl limonene (44.74% peak area), and 2-propenal, 3-phenyl- (CAS) (53.89% peak area), respectively according to the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The T1 showed the best score of all parameters and did not show significant significance compared to the N group. In conclusion, the 1:1:3 combination of LaLC is better in preventing in vitro photoaging than other treatment groups.


Keywords


photoaging; UVB irradiation; LaLC essential oils combination; anti-wrinkle; collagen density

Full Text:

PDF


References

Ansary, T. M., Hossain, M. R., Kamiya, K., Komine, M., & Ohtsuki, M., 2021., 'Inflammatory molecules associated with ultraviolet radiation‐mediated skin aging,' Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22(8), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083974

Anshori, A. M., Wiraguna, A. A. G. P., & Pangkahila, W., 2017., 'Pemberian oral ekstrak kulit buah lemon (Citrus limon) menghambat peningkatan ekspresi MMP-1 (matrix metaloproteinase-1) dan penurunan jumlah kolagen pada tikus putih galur wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang dipajan sinar UV-B'. Jurnal e-Biomedik, 5(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.5.1.2017.15036

Ashakirin, S. N., Tripathy, M., Patil, U. K., & Majeed, A. B. A., 2017., 'Chemistry and Bioactivity of Cinnamaldehyde: a Natural Molecule of Medicinal Importance,' Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 8(6), 2333–2340. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8(6).2333-40

Avila Rodríguez, M. I., Rodríguez Barroso, L. G., & Sánchez, M. L., 2018., 'Collagen: A review on its sources and potential cosmetic applications', J. Cosmet. Dermatol., 17(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12450

Avila Rodríguez, M. I., Rodríguez Barroso, L. G., & Sánchez, M. L., 2018., Collagen: A review on its sources and potential cosmetic applications. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12450

Banglao, W., Thongmee, A., Sukplang, P., & Wanakhachornkrai, O., 2020., 'Determination of Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Cytotoxicity Activity of the Essential Oils From Cinnamomum zeylanicum,' J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci., 10(3), 436–440. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2020.10.3.436-440

Białoń, M., Krzyśko-Łupicka, T., Nowakowska-Bogdan, E., & Wieczorek, P. P., 2019., 'Chemical Composition of Two Different Lavender Essential Oils and Their Effect on Facial Skin Microbiota'. Molecules, 24(3270), 1–17.

Bissett, D. L., Hannonand, D. P., & Orr, T. V., 1987., 'An Animal Model of Solar‐aged Skin: Histological, Physical, and Visible Changes in UV‐irradiated Hairless Mouse Skin,' Photochem. Photobiol., 46(3), 367–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04783.x

Boughendjioua, H., & Djeddi, S., 2017., 'Organoleptic and Physicochemical Properties of Algerian Lemon Essential Oil .'WJAC, 2(3), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.14

Campa, M., & Baron, E., 2018., 'Anti-aging effects of select botanicals: Scientific evidence and current trends .'Cosmetics, 5(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/COSMETICS5030054

Cardia, G. F. E., Silva-Filho, S. E., Silva, E. L., Uchida, N. S., Cavalcante, H. A. O., Cassarotti, L. L., Salvadego, V. E. C., Spironello, R. A., Bersani-Amado, C. A., & Cuman, R. K. N., 2018., 'Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil on Acute Inflammatory Response'. eCAM, 2018, 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1413940

Citrawan, A., Suwarsa, O., Gunawan, H., Adi, S., Lesmana, R., Achadiyani, A., & Adi, S. S. (2019). 'Pengaruh Krim Asam Traneksamat terhadap Pembentukan Keriput dan Kadar Matriks Metaloproteinase-1 pada Mencit (Mus Musculus) Jantan Galur Balb/c yang Dipajan Sinar Ultraviolet B'. Indones. J. Clin. Pharm., 8(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2019.8.2.121

Dunaway, S., Odin, R., Zhou, L., Ji, L., Zhang, Y., & Kadekaro, A. L., 2018., 'Natural Antioxidants: Multiple Mechanisms to Protect Skin from Solar Radiation, Front. Pharmacol., 9(APR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00392

Forgács, E., & Cserháti, T., 2003., 9 - Gas chromatography. In M. Lees (Ed.), Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Food Authenticity and Traceability. Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781855737181.1.197

Geoffrey, K., Mwangi, A. N., & Maru, S. M., 2019., 'Sunscreen products: Rationale for use, formulation development, and regulatory considerations,' Saudi Pharm J., 27(7), 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.003

Gök, A., Ismail Kirbaşlar, S., & Gülay Kirbaşlar, F., 2015., 'Comparison of lemon oil composition after using different extraction methods,' J. Essent. Oil Res., 27(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.982872

González-Mas, M. C., Rambla, J. L., López-Gresa, M. P., Amparo Blázquez, M., & Granell, A., 2019., 'Volatile Compounds in Citrus Essential Oils: A Comprehensive Review'. Front. Plant Sci., 10(12), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00012

Gromkowska-Kępka, K. J., Puścion-Jakubik, A., Markiewicz-Żukowska, R., & Socha, K., 2021., 'The impact of ultraviolet radiation on skin photoaging — review of in vitro studies'. J. Cosmet. Dermatol., 20(11), 3427–3431. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14033

Guiochon, G., & Guillemin, C. L., 1988., 'Chapter 15. Quantitative Analysis by Gas Chromatography Measurement of Peak Area and Derivation of Sample Composition', J. Chromatogr. A, 42, 629–658. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4770(08)70087-3

Guo, X., & Wang, P., 2020., 'Aroma Characteristics of Lavender Extract and Essential Oil from Lavandula angustifolia Mill .'Molecules, 25(23), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235541

Guzmán, E., & Lucia, A. (2021). 'Essential Oils and Their Individual Components in Cosmetic Products .'Cosmetics, 8(4), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8040114

Happy, A. A., Jahan, F., & Momen, A. M., 2021., 'Essential Oils: Magical Ingredients for Skin Care. J. Plant Sci., 9(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210902.14

Ihwah, A., Deoranto, P., Wijana, S., & Dewi, I. A., 2018., Comparative study between Federer and Gomez method for several replications in complete randomized design using simulation: Study of Areca Palm (Areca catechu) as organic waste for producing handicraft paper. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 131(1), 0–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/131/1/012049

ISO, I. O. for S. (2002). Oil of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) (Patent No. ISO 3515:2002(E)). www.iso.org

ISO, I. O. for S. (2003a). Oil of cinnamon leaf, Sri Lanka type (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) (Patent No. ISO 3524:2003(E)). http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/wjac

ISO, I. O. for S. (2003b). Oil of lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.], obtained by expression (Patent No. ISO 855:2003(E)).

Kiecolt-Glasera, J. K., Graham, J. E., Malarkey, W. B., Porter, K., Lemeshow, S., & Glaser, R., 2008., 'Olfactory Influences on Mood and Autonomic, Endocrine, and Immune Function,' Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33(3), 328–339.

Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L., 2018., 'Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils,' Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010070

Mimica-Dukić, N., Orč Ić, D., Lesjak, M., & Šibul, F., 2016., 'Essential oils as powerful antioxidants: Misconception or scientific fact? In Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: Production, Phytochemistry, and Utilization'. In ACS Symposium Series (Vol. 1218, Issue January, pp. 187–208). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2016-1218.ch012

Petruk, G., Giudice, R. Del, Rigano, M. M., & Monti, D. M., 2018., 'Antioxidants from Plants Protect against Skin Photoaging,' Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1454936

Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M., 2017., 'The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health .'Nutrients, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080866

Rahmi, D., Yunilawati, R., & Ratnawati, E., 2013., 'Pengaruh Nano Partikel Terhadap Aktifitas Antiageing Pada Krim', JUSAMI, 14(3), 235–238.

Rippo, M. R., Olivieri, F., Monsurrò, V., Prattichizzo, F., Albertini, M. C., & Procopio, A. D., 2014., 'MitomiRs in human inflamm-aging: A hypothesis involving miR-181a, miR-34a and miR-146a', Exp. Gerontol., 56, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.002

Siripatrawan, U., 2016., 'Active food packaging from chitosan incorporated with plant polyphenols .'In Novel Approaches of Nanotechnology in Food. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804308-0.00014-5

Subedi, L., Lee, T. H., Wahedi, H. M., Baek, S. H., & Kim, S. Y., 2017., 'Resveratrol-Enriched Rice Attenuates UVB-ROS-Induced Skin Aging via Downregulation of Inflammatory Cascades,' Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8379539

Tandelilin, R. T., M. Sofro, A. S., Santoso, A. S., Soesatyo, M. H., & Asmara, W., 2006., 'The density of collagen fiber in alveolus mandibular bone of rabbit after augmentation with powder demineralized bone matrix post incisivus extraction,' Dent. J., 39(2), 43. https://doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v39.i2.p43-47

Tongnuanchan, P., & Benjakul, S., 2014., 'Essential Oils: Extraction, Bioactivities, and Their Uses for Food Preservation, J. Food Sci., 79(7), 1231–1249. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12492

Trinh, N.-T.-T., Dumasa, E., Thanh, M. Le, Degraevea, P., Amaraa, C. Ben, Gharsallaouia, A., & Oulahal, N., 2015., 'Effect of a Vietnamese Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its major component trans-cinnamaldehyde on the cell viability, membrane integrity, membrane fluidity and proton motive force of Listeria innocua,' Can. J. Microbiol., 61(4), 1–35.

Xiao, Z., Li, Q., Niu, Y., Zhou, X., Liu, J., Xu, Y., & Xu, Z., 2017., 'Odor-active compounds of different lavender essential oils and their correlation with sensory attributes,' Ind. Crops Prod., 108(July), 748–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.07.040

Xie, Z., Liu, Q., Liang, Z., Zhao, M., Yu, X., Yang, D., & Xu, X., 2013., 'The GC/MS Analysis of Volatile Components Extracted by Different Methods from Exocarpium citri Grandis,' J. Anal. Methods Chem., 2013, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/918406

Yang, Y. Q., Yin, H. X., Yuan, H. B., Jiang, Y. W., Dong, C. W., & Deng, Y. L., 2018., 'Characterization of the volatile components in green tea by IRAE- HS- SPME/GC- MS combined with multivariate analysis, PLoS ONE, 13(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193393

Zhang, S., & Duan, E., 2018., 'Fighting against Skin Aging: The Way from Bench to Bedside .'Cell Transplant., 27(5), 729–738. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963689717725755



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.74197

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1759 | views : 1636

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Majalah Obat Tradisional

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Majalah Obat Tradisional (Traditional Medicine Journal)
 ISSN 2406-9086
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada