Effects of Lemuru Fish Oil, Fe, Zn, and Cr Supplementation on Performance, Blood Profile, and Organ Development of Sentul Chickens

https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v50i1.112948

Marsha Adinda Aurelia(1), Rita Mutia(2*), Sumiati Sumiati(3), Rizky Nadia(4)

(1) Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University
(2) Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University
(3) Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University
(4) Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diet containing Lemuru fish oil supplemented with iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr) on growth performance, blood profile, and internal organ development in Sentul chickens, a native Indonesian breed. There were four experimental diets following a completely randomized design (CRD), each with five replicates and ten chickens per repetition, namely T0 (Control), T1 (diet containing 2.5% Lemuru fish oil), T2 (diet containing 2.5% Lemuru fish oil + 20 ppm Fe, 60 ppm Zn, 0.4 ppm Cr), and T3 (diet containing 2.5% Lemuru fish oil + 40 ppm Fe, 120 ppm Zn, 0.8 ppm Cr). Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 84 d. Parameters measured included body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, Income Over Feed Cost, relative organ weights, intestinal length and, blood profile. Treatments did not significantly affect growth performance (p>0.05), with body weight at 84 d ranging from 905.70 to 962.93 g/b, feed intake ranging from 2958.15 to 2999.03 g/b and feed conversion ratio between 3.15 and 3.54. Hematological analysis revealed significant effects on erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, as well as lymphocyte percentage, with the highest erythrocyte count in T2 (2.83 × 106/µL) and the highest lymphocyte proportion in T1 (51.76%). Most internal organ weights did not differ significantly, except for the proventriculus. In summary, Lemuru fish oil with Fe, Zn, and Cr supplements did not adversely affect growth performance. When used at moderate dosages, the combination of fish oil and trace minerals improved economic values through IOFC, erythrocyte count, enhanced intestinal development, and immune characteristics, providing information on feeding strategies for native poultry. 

Keywords


Blood profile; Fish oil; Growth performance; Mineral supplementation; Native chicken

Full Text:

2 Aurelia PDF


References

Abd El-Hack, M. E., M. Alawagany, M. Arif, M. T. Chaudry, M. Emam, and A. Patra. 2017. Organic or inorganic zinc in poultry nutrition: a review. Worlds. Poult. Sci. J. 73:904–915. doi:DOI: 10.1017/S0043933917000769. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/0E32A9C2212753B814C97D2D7C599851

Alagawany, M., S. S. Elnesr, M. R. Farag, M. E. A. El-Hack, A. Khafaga, A. Taha, R. Tiwari, M. Yatoo, P. Bhatt, S. Khurana, and K. Dhama. 2019. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in poultry nutrition: effect on production performance and health. Animals. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/8/573

Alawiyah, A., L. Adriani, and D. Rusmana. 2021. Status Hematologik Ayam Sentul Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) yang Disuplementasi Cu dan Zn dalam Ransum. J. Sains dan Teknol. Ind. Peternak. 1:11–17.

Ali, N., M. Akram, A. Fahim, B. Singh, and M. Imran. 2017. Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E, zinc, and chromium supplementation on growth performance and hematological characteristics of broiler chickens. Indian J. Anim. Res. 52. doi:10.18805/ijar.B-3293.

Amer, N. S. I., M. Hatab, and E. M. Sabic. 2018. Efficacy of Zinc/Creatine Supplementation on Improving Growth Performance of Local Balady Chicks. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci. 20:219–230. doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0562.

Arfanda, A. I., E. Suprijatna, and I. Isroli. 2019. Pengaruh Frekuensi dan Periode Pemberian Pakan terhadap Bobot Relatif Organ Limfoid Ayam Buras Super. J. Sain Peternak. Indones. 14:306–311. Available from: https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jspi/article/view/5636

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2024. Livestock Statistics 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, Indonesia. Available from: https://web-api.bps.go.id/download.php?f=nVdAKqDWOfE/slvSDWPV3lFWTDBZRVE5b0VXb1hDbTdlK3JYaTY4Nk9GRVB2SnpmSVlEWjVTWERVMFBLUEtWSlFEUmxvR1JoMzNVd0IvM3ZCWnI4TlVzVlZLMHJ3R3BNVlpiZ1RHWWF0ZTJZQnMyMnJxZTRyc2lZaFZQR2pYSWxJTFR4ZGpYcGoxU1EzZkZsaHkwTzBHRFNYeU9YNzJzel

Boussouar, H., T. Khenenou, O. Bennoune, R. Lamraoui, M. A. Fares, D. E. Rahmoun, N. Kadrine, S. Benrezak, and M. A. Kahoul. 2024. Effects of a Diet Low in Vitamin and Mineral Complex and Darkness on the Growth Performance, Mineralization and Femur Histological Structure of Broiler Chickens. Agric. Sci. Dig. 44:355–361. doi:10.18805/ag.DF-577.

Campbell, T. W. 2015. Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology. John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken, NJ, USA. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118993705.fmatter

Dalólio, F., L. F. T. Albino, J. N. Silva, P. H. R. F. Campos, H. Lima, J. Moreira, and V. Junior. 2017. Dietary chromium supplementation for heat-stressed broilers. Worlds. Poult. Sci. J. 74:1–16. doi:10.1017/S0043933917001064.

Dukare, S., N. A. Mir, A. B. Mandal, K. Dev, J. Begum, J. J. Rokade, A. Biswas, Praveen K Tyagi, Pramod K Tyagi, and S. K. Bhanja. 2021. A comparative study on the antioxidant status, meat quality, and mineral deposition in broiler chicken fed dietary nano zinc viz-a-viz inorganic zinc. J. Food Sci. Technol. 58:834–843. doi:10.1007/s13197-020-04597-x.

Fahmideh, M. N., A. Seidavi, and M. Bouyeh. 2024. The Effect of Various Levels of Chromium on Growth, Carcass, Immunity, Blood, Liver enzymes, Cecal Microbiota, Sensory Quality, and Fatty Acid Profile Traits in Broiler Chicks. Poult. Sci. J. 12:19–33. doi:10.22069/psj.2023.21356.1937.

Falowo, A. B. 2021. A Comprehensive Review of Nutritional Benefits of Minerals in Meat and Meat Products. Sci. Lett. 9:55–64. doi:10.47262/sl/9.2.132021010.

Fitriati, M., H. Indrijani, and T. Widjastuti. 2021. Performa Ternak dan Kurva Pertumbuhan Bobot Badan Galur Ayam Sentul Warna Bulu Debu dan Kelabu di BPPT Unggas Jatiwangi. J. Ilmu Ternak Univ. Padjadjaran. 21:79. doi:10.24198/jit.v21i2.36256.

Ghanbari, M., S. N. Mousavi, and M. Chamani. 2024. Effects of different lipid sources on performance, blood lipid parameters, immune system activity, and expression of TNFα and TLR4 genes in broiler chickens. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 174:106873. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106873.

Ghasemi, H., I. Hajkhodadadi, M. Hafizi, K. Taherpour, and M. Nazaran. 2020. Effect of advanced chelate technology based trace minerals on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia characteristics, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Nutr. Metab. (Lond). 17. doi:10.1186/s12986-020-00520-5.

Habiburahman, R., S. Darwati, and C. Sumantri. 2018. Pola Pertumbuhan Ayam Silangan Pelung Sentul Kampung Ras Pedaging (IPB D-1) G4 Umur 1-12 Minggu. J. Ilmu Produksi dan Teknol. Has. Peternak. 6:81–89. doi:10.29244/jipthp.6.3.81-89.

Haq, Z., R. Jain, N. Khan, Y. Dar, S. Ali, M. Gupta, and T. Varun. 2016. Recent advances in role of chromium and its antioxidant combinations in poultry nutrition: A review. Vet. World. 9:1392–1399. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2016.1392-1399.

Haryati, K. 2024. Fatty Acid Profile of Sardine Fish Oil as a Source of Omega 3. Fish. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Mataram. 14:2038–2046.

Hossain, M., G. Das, P. Bhowmik, K. Adhikary, N. Sultan, S. Islam, and N. Akter. 2023. Fish oil divergently enriches broiler meat with long chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFAs) by modulating the ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 PUFAs without disrupting gut morphology and cardio-pulmonary morphometry. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 104. doi:10.1139/CJAS-2022-0143.

Isyanto, A. Y., S. Sudradjat, and M. Iskandar. 2017. Strategi Pengembangan Ayam Sentul Di Kabupaten Ciamis. Mimb. Agribisnis J. Pemikir. Masy. Ilm. Berwawasan Agribisnis. 3:1. doi:10.25157/ma.v3i1.71.

Kim, H. J., and H. K. Kang. 2022. Effects of in ovo injection of zinc or diet supplementation of zinc on performance, serum biochemical profiles, and meat quality in broilers. Animals. 12(5): 630. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/5/630

Kim, J. H., H. W. Kim, C. H. Kwon, S. H. Kwon, and D. Y. Kil. 2023. Effects of dietary organic or inorganic iron concentrations on productive performance, egg quality, blood measurements, and tissue iron concentrations in aged laying hens. Anim. Sci. J. 94:e13817. doi:10.1111/asj.13817. Available from: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/36810838

Leeson, S., and J. D. Summer. 2008. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Nottingham University Press, Canada.

Lestari, R., A. Darmawan, and I. W. Wijayanti. 2020. Suplementasi Mineral Cu dan Zn dalam Pakan terhadap Organ Dalam dan Lemak Abdomen Ayam Broiler. J. Ilmu Nutr. dan Teknol. Pakan. 18:74–80. doi:10.29244/jintp.18.3.74-80.

Marhayani, and Harmoko. 2019. Penggunaan Tepung Daun Pepaya Terhadap Organ Dalam Ayam Kampung. J. Penelit. 1:67–72.

Meidita, F., Sumiati, and T. Suryati. 2020. Effect of supplementation Vitamin E and Selenium in feed containing Lemuru fish oil on blood metabolites and blood profile of broiler chicken. AIP Conf. Proc. 2296:20018. doi:10.1063/5.0030479. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0030479

Moenek, D. Y. J. A., A. B. Oematan, and N. N. Toelle. 2019. Total leukosit dan diferensial leukosit darah ayam kampung yang terpapar Ascaridia galli secara alami. Partner. 24:991–997.

Nadia, R., S. Sumiati, and T. Suryati. 2023. Vitamin E Supplementation in Feed Containing Lemuru Fish Oil to Improve IPB-D2 Chickens Performance and Eggs Rich in Vitamin E as a Potential Functional Food. Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 13:775–785.

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. 2023. Kumpulan SNI Pakan. Badan Standardisasi Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Nono, F., D. Yulianti, and A. Krisnaningsih. 2017. Pengaruh penggunaan ramuan herbal sebagai feed additive terhadap in come over feed cost ayam broiler. J. Sains Peternak. 5:100–105. doi:10.21067/jsp.v5i2.3160.

Núñez, R., S. Elliott, and R. Riboty. 2022. The effect of dietary supplementation of organic trace minerals on performance, mineral retention, lymphoid organs and antibody titres of broilers. J. Appl. Anim. Nutr. 11:1–10. doi:10.3920/JAAN2022.0002.

Nys, Y., P. Schlegel, S. Durosoy, C. Jondreville, and A. Narcy. 2018. Adapting trace mineral nutrition of birds for optimising the environment and poultry product quality. Worlds. Poult. Sci. J. 74:225–238. doi:10.1017/S0043933918000016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933918000016

Rao, S. V. R., B. Prakash, M. V. L. N. Raju, A. K. Panda, R. K. Kumari, and E. P. K. Reddy. 2016. Effect of Supplementing Organic Forms of Zinc, Selenium and Chromium on Performance, Anti-Oxidant and Immune Responses in Broiler Chicken Reared in Tropical Summer. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 172:511–520. doi:10.1007/s12011-015-0587-x.

Razanova, O. P., G. M. Ohorodnichuk, T. L. Holubenko, O. I. Skoromna, N. V. Novgorodska, A. M. Solomon, and S. M. Ovsienko. 2024. Meat productivity and quality of meat and liver of broiler chickens after consuming diet with mineral supplements containing chelates of cuprum, iron, zinc, and manganese. Regul. Mech. Biosyst. 15:159–165. doi:10.15421/022423.

Saragih, B. M. N., S. Sumiati, and R. Mutia. 2022. Supplementation of vitamin E and selenium in different diets on performance of IPB D-2 chicken during developer-layer period. E3S Web Conf. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245974892

Satriawan, A. Muchlis, Asmawati, and Ramli. 2021. Berat Badan Akhir dan Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) Ayam Broiler dengan Pemberian Probiotik Starbio Final Weight and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) of Broiler with Starbio Probiotics. J. Ilmu dan Teknol. Peternak. Terpadu. 28–34. Available from: https://journal.unibos.ac.id/jitpu

Smith, J. B. B. V. S., and S. Mangkoewidjojo. 1988. Pemeliharaan, Pembiakan dan Penggunaan Hewan Percobaan di Daerah Tropis. In: UI Press, Jakarta. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:227393885

Sopian, Y., S. Darwati, and C. Sumantri. 2015. Performa F1 antara ayam Sentul x Kampung dan ayam Pelung x Sentul pada umur 0-12 minggu. J. Ilmu Produksi dan Teknol. Has. Peternak. 3:131–137.

Suci, D. M. 2022. Kombinasi Minyak Ikan Lemuru Dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dalam Ransum Terhadap Performa Dan Organ Dalam Ayam Broiler. J. Peternak. Nusant. 8:79–88. doi:10.30997/jpn.v8i2.6774.

Sumiati, A. Darmawan, and W. Hermana. 2022. Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Composition of Broiler Chickens Fed Diet Containing Fish Oil and Vitamin E. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 45:195–201.

Suprayogi, W. P. S., A. Ratriyanto, and A. Irawan. 2025. Infertile Egg Powder Improves Nutrient Digestibility, Digestive Organ Development, and Performance of Broiler Chickens. Bul. Peternak. 49:180–186. doi:10.21059/buletinpeternak.v49i3.108567.

Untea, A. E., T. D. Panaite, C. Dragomir, M. Ropota, M. Olteanu, and I. Varzaru. 2019. Effect of dietary chromium supplementation on meat nutritional quality and antioxidant status from broilers fed with Camelina-meal-supplemented diets. Animal. 13:2939–2947. doi:10.1017/S1751731119001162.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v50i1.112948

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 661 | views : 394

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2026 Marsha Adinda Aurelia, Rita Mutia, Sumiati Sumiati, Rizky Nadia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

    

 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.