Improving Communication Ability of a Child with Selective Mutism Through “Kita Semua Sahabat” Training

Puspita Adhi Kusuma Wijayanti; Murtini Murtini

doi:10.22146/gamajpp.54662

Improving Communication Ability of a Child with Selective Mutism Through “Kita Semua Sahabat” Training

Puspita Adhi Kusuma Wijayanti, Murtini Murtini

(Submitted 10 March 2020)

(Published 30 October 2021)

Abstract

Selective Mutism (SM) is characterized by failure to speak at some period of time in specific social situations (e.g., at school), but can talk in other familiar situations (home). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of ‘Kita Semua Sahabat’ in improving communication skills in children with SM. The subject was a 5 year-old boy who had been diagnosed based on DSM-V. The research design was a single case experimental design. Interventions were performed using the technique of stimulus fading and contingency management which were packed through the training of ‘Kita Semua Sahabat’. The result showed that there was a significant increase, and communication with stimulus (prompts) had a greater increase than communication without stimulus (child’s initiation). The research showed that Training ‘Kita Semua Sahabat’ is effective to increase communication among children with SM, and more frequent verbal communication happens if more stimuli were given to the child.

Keywords

communication; initiation; prompts; selective mutism

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.22146/gamajpp.54662

References

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and manual of mental disorder (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.

Barlow, D. H; & Hersen, M. (1984). Single case experimental design: Strategies for studying behavior change (2nd ed.). Pergamon Press.

Beare, P., Torgerson, C., & Creviston, C. (2008). Increasing verbal behavior of a student who is selectively mute. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 16(4), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426608317356

Bergman, L. (2013). Treatment for children with selective mutism: An integrative behavioral approach. Oxford University Press.

Busse, R. T., & Downey, J. (2011). Selective mutism: A three-tiered approach to prevention and intervention. Contemporary School Psychology, 15, 53–63. Retrieved from http://www.casponline.org/pdfs/pdfs/2011_journal_all_001-144.pdf#page=55

Byiers, Breanne., Reichle, Joe., Symons, F. J. (2014). Single subject experimental design for evidence-based practice. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 23(4), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0036).Single-Subject

Carbone, D., Schmidt, L. A., Edison, S., Pierre, J. S., & Boyle, M. H. (2010). Behavioral and socio-emotional functioning in children with selective mutism: A comparison with anxious and typically developing children across multiple informants. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 1057–1067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9425-y

Conn, B. M., & Coyne, L. W. (2014). Selective mutism in early childhood: Assessment and treatment of an African American preschool boy. Clinical Case Studies, 13(6), 487–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650114522912

Diliberto, R. A., & Kearney, C. A. (2016). Anxiety and oppositional behavior profiles among youth with selective mutism. Journal of Communication Disorders, 59, 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.11.001

Fernandez, K. T. G., & Sugay, C. O. (2016). Psychodynamic play therapy: A case of selective mutism. International Journal of Play Therapy, 25(4), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1037/pla0000034

Hartono, M. A. (2010). Pelatihan sahabat anak untuk meningkatkan komunikasi pada anak selective mutism. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Kazdin, A. E. (1984). Behavior modification in applied settings. Dorsey Press.

Klein, E. R., Armstrong, S. L., Skira, K., & Gordon, J. (2017). Social Communication Anxiety Treatment (S-CAT) for children and families with selective mutism: A pilot study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22(1), 90-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104516633497

Krysanski, V. L. (2003). A brief review of selective mutism literature. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 137(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980309600597

Lang, C., Nir, Z., Gothelf, A., Domachevsky, S., Ginton, L., Kushnir, J., & Gothelf, D. (2016). The outcome of children with selective mutism following cognitive behavioral intervention: a follow-up study. European Journal of Pediatrics, 175(4), 481-487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-015-2651-0

Longobardi, C., Badenes-Ribera, L., Gastaldi, F. G. M., & Prino, L. E. (2019). The student–teacher relationship quality in children with selective mutism. Psychology in the Schools, 56(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22175

Manassis, K., Tannock, R., Garland, E. J., Minde, K., McInnes, A., & Clark, S. (2007). The sounds of silence: Language, cognition, and anxiety in selective mutism. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(9), 1187–1195. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318076b7ab

Moldan, M. B. (2005). Selective mutism and self-regulation. Clinical social work journal, 33(3), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-005-4945-6

Muris, P., & Ollendick, T. H. (2015). Children who are anxious in silence: A review on selective mutism, the new anxiety disorder in DSM-5. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 18(2), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-015-0181-y

Nowakowski, M.E., Cunningham, C., McHolm, A., Evans, M., Edison, S., Pierre, J., Boyle, M., Schmidt, L. (2009). Language and academic abilities in children with selective mutism. Infant and Child Development, 18(6), 271–290. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd

Oerbeck, B., Overgaard, K. R., Bergman, R. L., Pripp, A. H., & Kristensen, H. (2020). The selective mutism questionnaire: Data from typically developing children and children with selective mutism. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25(4), 754–765. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104520914695

Oerbeck, B., Stein, M. B., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Langsrud, Ø., & Kristensen, H. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of a home and school-based intervention for selective mutism - defocused communication and behavioural techniques. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 19(3), 192–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12045

Petry, N. M. (2011). Contingency management: What it is and why psychiatrists should want to use it. Psychiatrist, 35(5), 161–163. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.031831

Ponzurick, J. M. (2012). Selective mutism: A team approach to assessment and treatment in the school setting. Journal of School Nursing, 28(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840511422534

Santrcok, J. W. (2018). Life Span Development (17th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning theories: An educational perspective (6th ed.). Pearson Education.

Shabani, D. B., & Fisher, W. W. (2006). Stimulus fading and differential reinforcement for the treatment of needle phobia in a youth with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39(4), 449–452. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2006.30-05

Shaffer, D. R. (2009). Social and personality development. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Shipon Blum, E. (2003). The ideal classroom setting for the selectively mute child. Selective Mutism Anxiety Research and Treatment Center.

Shriver, M. D., Segool, N., & Gortmaker, V. (2011). Behavior observations for linking assessment to treatment for selective mutism. Education and Treatment of Children, 34(3), 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1353/etc.2011.0023

Utnick, G. E. (2008). Behavioral interventions with selectively mute students: strategies & symptom severity. Paper Presentation at NASP. http://schooled.brooklyn.cuny.edu/Utnick%20Selective%20MutiSM%2S lides.pdf

Vecchio, J. L. (2009). The treatment of selective mutism: A case control alternating treatments design. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 7154. Retrieved from https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/622057366?accountid=15115%5Cnhttp://vr2pk9sx9w.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PsycINFO&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.