* Corresponding Author
Urbanization and Regional Imbalances in Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.13039 Saratri Wilonoyudho(1*), R. Rijanta(2), Yeremias T. Keban(3), Bakti Setiawan(4)
(1) Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang.
(2) Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The level of urbanization that occurred in Indonesia at this time is remarkable that causes the growth of cities very rapidly. The growth of cities is mainly due to various reasons such as the capitalization process, regional enlargement/reclassification, as well as migration from rural to urban. The growth of cities leads a lot of problems like environmental degradation, traffic congestion, poverty, crime and other social conflicts. Such a rapid rate of urbanization is a reflection of the inequity between rural and urban development. Lack of employment opportunities in the village causes the population to go into town to find work. The imbalance of development that occurs is a result of implementing a liberal economic system that only emphasizes growth, while on the other side of the agricultural sector is not paid any appropriate attention. The farmers are at a very weak and do not have a good bargaining position, with the exchange rate is very lame. Even regarding with the foodstuffs such as rice, wheat, sugar, salt, etc., Indonesia has to import from abroad. The imbalances of development do not only occur between rural and urban, but also between Java and the outside of Java, and between western and eastern Indonesia regions. This imbalance should be found a solution, with good management and equitable development, including the political will to reform the economic system in favor of the Indonesian people.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aziz, Iwan Jaya. (1985). Pembangunan Daerah dan Aspek Alokasi Investasi Antardaerah. Prisma No.6. pp. 3-21. (in Bahasa Indonesia)Boeke,JH. (1961). ἀe ἀeory of Dualismin Wertheim (eds) ἀe Concept of Dualism in ἀeory and Policy. Amsterdam, W Van Hoeve Publisher Ltd. pp. 165-193.
Borts, George H.(1960).The Equalization of Returns and Regional Economic GrowthAmerican Economic Review.50. pp.319-347.
BPS, (1982). Sensus Penduduk 1980. (in Bahasa Indonesia)BPS, (1992). Sensus Penduduk 1990. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
BPS,(1997). Survai Antar Sensus 1995. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
BPS,(1998). Produk Domestik Bruto Indonesia. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
BPS,(2002). Sensus Penduduk 2000. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
BPS,(2005). Survai Sosial Ekonomi Indonesia. (in Bahasa Indonesia)BPS,(2006). Survai Angkatan Kerja Nasional. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
BPS,(2007). Survai Antar Sensus 2005. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
BPS,(2008). Survai Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2007. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
BPS,(2009). Produk Domestik Bruto Indonesia. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
BPS, (2013). Sensus Pertanian. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Brannen, J. (1997). Memadu Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Terjemahan Nuktah Arfawie Kurde, Imam Syafei, Noorhadi AH. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar. (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Chimankar, Digambar Abaji, (2016).Urbanization and Condition of Urban Slums in India. Indonesian Journal of Geography. Vol. 48 No.1, June, pp. 28 – 36.
Collier, William. (1981). Agricultural Evolution in Java : ἀe Decline Share Poverty And Involution” in Agricultural and Rural Development in Indonesia. Boulder, Col : Westview Press .
Douglass, M. (1995). Global Interdependence and Urbanization : Planning for the Bangkok Megaurban Regions in McGee,T.G and I.M.Robinson (eds) ἀe Megaurban Regions of Southeast Asia. Vancouver, ἀe University of British Columbia Press pp. 45-77.
Douglass, M., (2000). Megaurban Regions and World City Formation : Globalization, the Economic Crisis and Urban Policy Issues in Paciᴀc Asia” Urban Studies 37 (12). Pp. 15-36.
EḀendi, Tadjuddin Noer.(1991).ἀe Growth of Rural Non-Farm Activities at the Local Level : A Case Study of Cause and EḀects in a Subdistrict of Upland Central Java. ἀe Flinders University.Ph.D ἀesis.Unpublised.
Geertz, CliḀord, (1963). Peddlers and Princes : Social Change and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns. Chicago : ἀe University Of Chicago Press.
Hill, Hal. (1990). Indonesia`s Industrial Transformation Part I. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. Vol. 26 No.1. pp. 79-120.
Hill, Hal.(1998). ἀeChallenge of Regional Development in Indonesia. Australian Journal of International AḀair 52, No.1.
Hirschman,A.O.(1958). ἀe Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven : Yale University Press.
Jones, Gavin. (2003). ἀe Fiᴀh Asian and Paciᰀc Population Conference : Towards A Repositioning of Population in the Global Development Agenda?.Asia-Paciᴀc Population Journal Vol.18. No.2. June. pp.21-39.
Keban, Yeremias, T. (1996). Migrasi Internasional : Kecenderungan, Determinan, Dampak dan Kebijakan. Kertas Kerja Pelatihan Mobilitas Penduduk Tanggal 11 – 23 Desember 1995 di Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan UGM. (in Bahasa Indonesia).
Kompas, The Daily, 20 October (2009).
Kurnianti, D.N, Rustiadi, E and Baskoro, D.P.T.(2015).Land Use Projection for Spatial Plan Consistency in Jabodetabek. Indonesian Journal of Geography, Vol. 47, No.2, December, pp.124 – 131.
Malamassam, Meirina Ayumi, (2016).Youth Migration in Indonesia: Decision to Move and to Choose of Destination Areas.. Indonesian Journal of Geography. Vol. 48, No.1, June, pp.62 – 71.
McGee, Terry. (1971). ἀe Urbanization Process in the ἀird World Exploration In Search of Theory. London : G.Bell and Son Ltd.
McGee, Terry. (1991). ἀe Emergence of Desa Kota Regions in Asia. Dalam N.Ginsburg, B.Koppel and TG McGee (Eds) ἀe Extended Metropolis : Settlement Transition in Asia. Honolulu : University Of Hawaii Press.
Miles, Mattew B. and Huberman, Michael. (1992). Qualitative Data Analysis. Jakarta : Indonesian University Press.
Myrdall, Gunnar. (1975). Economic ἀeory and Underdevelopment Region” Duckworth, 26.
Nasution,1988. Metode Penelitian Naturalistik Kualitatif. Bandung : Tarsito.
North, Douglass C.(1955). Location ἀeory and Regional Economic Growth. Journal of Political Economy.LXIII.June. pp. 243-258.
Nurzaman, Siti Sutriah. (1997). Tinjauan Kesenjangan Wilayah di Indonesia.Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota. ITB. Vol. 8. No.4. pp.11-21.
Perloa, Harvey and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (1961). Natural Resources Endowment and Regional Economic Growth.In Natural Resources and Economis Growth Ed, Joseph J. Spengler. Washington DC: Resources for the Future p.191-212.
Popkin, Samuel. L. (1979). the Rational Peasant : Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam. Berkeley : University of California Press.
Richardson,H.N.(1973). Regional Growth theory. London : Mcmillan Rencana Strategis Kementerian Pertanian 2015-2019.
Samson, Adejobi Oladepo, Olorunnimbe Rafiu O, (2011).Conceptualization Of Urbanization Structure and Climate Change in Lagos Nigeria. Indonesian Journal of Geography. Vol. 43, No. 2, December pp. 181-194.
Scott, James.(1976). the Moral Economy of Peasant Rebellion and Subsistence In Southeast Asia. London : New Haven
Stohr, Water B and D.R. Fraser Taylor. (1981). Development From Above or Below ? ἀe Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries pp. 15-36, pp. 39-69, pp.123-150
United Nations,(1970). in Progress in Land Reform, NY Fifth Report, Vol. III.
Wibowo, Adi, (2013).Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Urban Heat Island in Tangerang City, Indonesian Journal of Geography, Vol.45, No.2 December. Pp. 101-115.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.13039
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 11241
| 
views : 10322
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Indonesian Journal of Geography
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Accredited Journal, Based on Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia Number 225/E/KPT/2022, Vol 54 No 1 the Year 2022 - Vol 58 No 2 the Year 2026 (accreditation certificate download)
ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)