Inter-Provincial Spatial Linkages of Crime Pattern in Indonesia: Looking at Education and Economic Inequality Effects on Crime

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.34026

Dian Trisnawati(1), Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik(2*)

(1) 
(2) University of Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Crime is one of social issues and it becomes spatial phenomenon as the inclination of crime rate in a particular region affecting its neighboring regions. This paper aims to explore the inter-provincial spatial linkages of crime rate in Indonesia and examine the effects of lack of education and economic inequality on criminal occurrences.  Panel data of 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2007-2013 periods are explored and discover the existence of spatial linkages of crime rate among provinces. The spatial autocorrelation (SAC) model shows that the economic gap amid the society become the trigger for crime occurrence. Criminal actions are expected to increase as the Gini index is high since the inequality can make social jealousy is inevitable and triggering criminal actions. Furthermore, lack of education is also proven significantly in affecting crime rate, imply that education level may affect individual’s decision to commit criminal actions.

Keywords


Crime rate; Gini index; school dropout; panel data; spatial autocorrelation

Full Text:

PDF


References

Anselin, L., Cohen, J., Cook, D., Gorr, W., & Tita, G. (2000). Spatial analyses of crime. Criminal justice, 4(2), 213-262


Barrett, A. (2014). Spatial Dependence in Unemployment in Great Britain, Master’s Thesis. Urban, Port and Transport Economics at Erasmus University Rotterdam.


Becker, Gary. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy 76 (2): 169–217


Becsi, Z. (1999). Economics and Crime in the States. Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 84(1), 38.


Belotti, F., and Mortari, G. H. A. P. (2013). xsmle-A Command to Estimate Spatial Panel Data Models in Stata. In Italian state users Group Meeting.


Bharadwaj, A. (2014). Is poverty the mother of crime? Empirical evidence of the impact of socioeconomic factors on crime in India. Atlantic Review of Economics, 1, 1.


Buonanno, P., and Leonida, L. (2009). Non-market effects of education on crime: Evidence from Italian regions. Economics of Education Review, 28(1), 11-17.


Bustaman, U et al., in Romzi, M. dan Bustaman, U. (2014). Penggunaan Metode Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) untuk Analisis Data Sosial Ekonomi. BPS Jakarta.


Elhorst, P. (2014). Spatial Econometrics: From Cross-sectional Data to Spatial Panels. Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London: Springer.


Engelen, P.J., Lander, M.W. & Essen, M. V. (2016). What determines crime rates?An empirical test of Integrated Economic and Sociological theories of Criminal behavior. The Social Science Journal 53 (2016), 247-262.


Entorf, H., & Sieger, P. (2015). Does the magnitude of the link between unemployment and crime depend on the crime level? A quantile regression approach. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV), 8(2), 262-283.


Glaeser, E. L., and Sacerdote, B. (1999). Why is there more crime in cities?. Journal of political economy, 107(S6), S225-S258.


Greene, J. R. (Ed.). (2006). Encyclopedia of Police Science: 2-volume set. Routledge.
Hjalmarsson, R., and Lochner, L. (2012). The impact of education on crime: international evidence. DICE Report, 10(2), 49.


Kelly, M. (2000). Inequality and crime. Review of economics and Statistics, 82(4), 530-539.


Levitt, S. D. (2004). Understanding why crime fell in the 1990s: Four factors that explain the decline and six that do not. Journal of Economic perspectives, 18(1), 163-190.


Lochner, L. (2004). Education, work, and crime: A human capital approach. International Economic Review, 45(3), 811-843.


Republika (2014). http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/hukum/14/12/30/nheau7-angka-kriminalitas-sepanjang-2014-masih-tinggi , accessed on June 24, 2015.


Moretti,(2005). Does Education Reduce Participation in Criminal Activities ?. Departement of Economics, UC Berkeley.


Sharp, A. M. Register, C.A. dan Grimes P.W. (2013). Econometric of Social Issues. 20th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill International Edition.


Sjafrizal. (2012). Ekonomi Wilayah dan Perkotaan. PT RajaGrafindo Persada. Jakarta.


Sujarwoto, S. (2017). Geography and communal conflict in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 49(1), 89-96.


Sullivan, A. (2012). Urban Economics. 8th edition. McGraw-Hill Irwin. USA.


Tobler, W. R. (1979). Cellular geography. In Philosophy in geography (pp. 379-386). Springer, Dordrecht.


Vidyatama, Y. (2012). Spatial Dichotomies in Indonesia’s Regional Development. Natsem Working Paper 12/19. University of Canberra.


Wilonoyudho, S., Rijanta, R., Keban, Y. T., & Setiawan, B. (2017). Urbanization and Regional Imbalances in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 49(2), 125-132



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.34026

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 6225 | views : 4332

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2019 Indonesian Journal of Geography

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Accredited Journal, Based on Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia Number 225/E/KPT/2022, Vol 54 No 1 the Year 2022 - Vol 58 No 2 the Year 2026 (accreditation certificate download)

ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)

Web Analytics IJG STATISTIC