Distribution of Nitrate Household Waste and Groundwater Flow Direction around Code River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.43420

Muryanto Muryanto(1*), Suntoro Suntoro(2), Totok Gunawan(3), Prabang Setyono(4), Afid Nurkholis(5), Nurisa Fajri Wijayanti(6)

(1) Universitas Sebelas Maret
(2) Universitas Sebelas Maret, and Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Universitas Sebelas Maret
(5) Watershed Modeling Research Group, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(6) Watershed Modeling Research Group, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater of the Yogyakarta City and its surroundings has increased to about twenty times in the period 1985-2018. The objective of this study was to analyse the distribution of nitrate concentrations in water well around the Code River, Yogyakarta. Flownets mapping was performed to find out the distribution and direction of potential groundwater pollution. Nitrate concentration was analysed by taking 18 groundwater samples scattered in the upstream, midstream and downstream areas of the Code River. The results of this study indicate that nitrate concentrations in the water well of upstream and downstream areas could still be used as a source of drinking water and recreation-irrigation-livestock. Meanwhile, the nitrate concentration in water well of the midstream area of the Code River, Yogyakarta City, mostly (80% of the sample) did not meet all classes of water quality standards. Human activities in the densely populated settlements were the main factors that influence nitrate pollution. Furthermore, groundwater flow in the study area leads from north to south and towards the Code River. This condition indicates that the nitrate concentrations in  the groundwater can be a source of a pollutant for the Code River.


Keywords


Code River; flownet; groundwater quality; nitrate contamination

Full Text:

PDF


References

ARGOSS. (2001). Guidelines for assessing the risk to groundwater from on-site sanitation. British Geological Survey Commissioned Report, CR/01/142, 97pp.


Badan Pusat Statistik. (2015). Proyeksi Penduduk Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi DI Yogyakarta 2010 – 2020. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, Indonesia.


Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2011). Air dan air limbah – Bagian 79: Cara uji nitrat (NO3-N) dengan spektrofotometer UV-visibel secara reduksi kadmium. SNI 6989.79, (3). https://doi.org/SNI 6989.79:2011.


Bappeda D.I. Yogyakarta. (2016). Analisis Informasi Statistik Pembangunan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 2016. Yogyakarta: Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah D.I. Yogyakarta.


Brahmantya, Y., Purnama, I.S. (2010). Kualitas Airtanah Sub DAS Code Kota Yogyakarta Pasca Erupsi Merapi Tahun 2010. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia. 22(2), 178–189.


Chang, C.-C., Chen, C.-C., Wu, D.-C., & Yang, C.-Y. (2010). Nitrates in drinking water and the risk of death from rectal cancer: does hardness in drinking water matter?. Journal of Toxicology andEnvironmental Health. Part A, 73(19), 1337–1347. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2010.490178

Fathmawati, F., Fachiroh, J., Sutomo, A.H., & Putra, D.P.E. (2018). Origin and distribution of nitrate in water well of settlement areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 190(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6958-y

Fetter, C.W. (1988). Applied Hydrology. Ohio: Merrill Pubs. Co. Columbus Ohio United States of America.

Freeze, R. A., & Cherry, J. A. (1979). Groundwater. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2011). Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 26, Tahun 2011.

Hendrayana, H., & Vicente, V. A. D. S. (2013). Cadangan Air Tanah Berdasarkan Geometri Dan Konfigurasi Sistem Akuifer Cekungan Air Tanah Yogyakarta-Sleman. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kebumian Ke-6 Teknik Geologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. 356–370 pp. (in Indonesian)

Heng, S., Putra, D. P. E., & Wilopo, W. (2010). The impact of sanitation on groundwater nitrate level in Bantul District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia.
Journal of South East Asian Applied Geology. 2(2), 129–137

Imroatushoolikhah., Purnama, I.S., & Suprayogi, S. (2014). Kajian Kualitas Air Sungai Code Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Majalah Geografi Indonesia. 28(1), 23–32.

Kostraba, J. N., Gay, E. C., Rewers, M., & Hamman, R. F. (1992). Nitrate levels in community drinking waters and risk of IDDM: An ecological analysis. Diabetes Care, 15(11), 1505–1508. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.15.11.1505

Kuo, H. W., Wu, T. N., & Yang, C. Y. (2007). Nitrates in drinking water and risk of death from rectal cancer in Taiwan. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues, 70(20), 1717–1722. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390701457704

Listyani, T.R.A., Isjudarto, A., & Putra, R. I. (2012). Analisis Hidrologi untuk Mendukung Potensi Airtanah Pada Sub DAS Code. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Sains & Teknologi (SNAST) Periode III, Yogyakarta 3 November 2012, 220–227.

Lubis, R.F. (2018). Urban hydrogeology in Indonesia: A highlight from Jakarta. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 118(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012022

Morris, B. L., Lawrence, A.R. L., Chilton, P.J.C., Adam, B., Calow, R.C., & Klinck, B.A. (2003). Groundwater and its Susceptibility to Degradation: A global assessment of the problem and option for management. Nairobi, Kenya: Early Warning and Assessment Report Series, RS. 03-3. United Nations Environment Programme.

Pemerintah DI. Yogyakarta. (2005). Peraturan Daerah, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

Prastoro, R.A. (2009). Tingkat Risiko Pencemaran Airtanah Bebas oleh Senyawa Nitrat di Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta: Studi Kasus Kecamatan Bantul dan Bambanglipuro. Tesis, Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Putra, D.P.E. (2007). The impact of urbanization on groundwater quality; a case study in Yogyakarta City-Indonesia. Mitteilungen zur Ingenieurgeologie und Hydrogeologie, heft 96, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen.

Putra, D.P.E. (2010). Estimation, reality and trend of groundwater nitrate concentration under unsewered area of Yogyakarta City–Indonesia. J. SE Asian Appl. Geol. 2(1), 20–27.

Putra, D.P.E. (2011). Evolution of groundwater chemistry on shallow aquifer of Yogyakarta City urban area. J. SE Asian Appl. Geol. 3(2), 116–124.

Putranto, T.T., & Kusuma, K.I. (2009). Permasalahan airtanah pada daerah urban. Jurnal Teknik. 30(1), 48–58. (in Indonesian)

Rawat, K. S., Jacintha, T.G.A., & Singh, S.K. (2018). Hydro-chemical Survey and Quantifying Spatial Variations in Groundwater Quality in Coastal Region of Chennai , Tamilnadu , India – a case study. Indonesian Journal of Geography. 50(1), 57–69.

Richardson, J.L., Wilding, L.P., & Daniels, R.B. (1992). Recharge and discharge of groundwater in aquic conditions illustrated with flownet analysis. Geoderma. 53(1–2), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(92)90021-X

Sadeq, M., Moe, C. L., Attarassi, B., Cherkaoui, I., ElAouad, R., & Idrissi, L. (2008). Drinking water nitrate and prevalence of Methemoglobinemia among infants and children aged 1-7 years in Moroccan areas. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 211, 546–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.09.009

Sarvajayakesavalu, S., Lakshminarayanan, D., George, J., Magesh, S.B., Anilkumar, K.M.,Brammanandhan, G.M., & Ravikumar, M. (2018). Geographic Information System mapping of gross alpha/beta activity concentrations in groundwater samples from Karnataka, India: A preliminary study. Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 6, 164–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.12.003

Smith, G.D., Wetselaar, R., Fox, J.J., Van De Graaff, R.H. M., Moeljohardjo, D., Sarwono, J., & Basuki. (1999). The origin and distribution of nitrate in groundwater from village wells in Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Hydrogeology Journal, 7(6), 576–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050230

Sudarmadji. (1991). Agihan geografi sifat kimiawi airtanah bebas di Kotamadya Yogyakarta. Disertasi, Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada. (in Indonesian with English abstract)

Taufiq, A., Hosono, T., Ide, K., Kagabu, M., Iskandar, I., Effendi, A.J.,& Shimada, J. (2018). Impact of excessive groundwater pumping on rejuvenation processes in the Bandung basin (Indonesia) as determined by hydrogeochemistry and modeling. Hydrogeology Journal. 26, 1263–1279. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1696-8

Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1970) The geology of Indonesia. General Geology of Indonesia and Adjacent Archipelagoes. The Haque, Government Printing Office.

Ward, M. H., Mark, S. D., Cantor, K. P., Weisenburger, D. D., Correa-Villaseñor, A., & Zahm, S. H. (1996). Drinking water nitrate and the risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Epidemiology, 7(5), 465–471. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199609000-00003

Warsono, S. (1990) Survei Konservasi Airtanah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Bandung: Direktorat Jendral Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral, Direktorat Geologi Tata Lingkungan.

Widodo, B., Lupiyanto, R., & Wijaya, D. (2010). Pengelolaan Kawasan Sungai Code Berbasis Masyarakat. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Lingkungan. 2(1), 07-20. https://doi.org/10.20885/jstl.vol2.iss1.art2

Widodo, B., Kasam., Ribut, L., & Ike, A. (2013). Strategi Penurunan Pencemaran Limbah Domestik di Sungai Code DIY. Jurnal Sains &Teknologi Lingkungan. 5(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.20885/jstl.vol5.iss1.art5

Wetselaar, R., Fox, J.J., Smith, G.D., Rum , A.M., Moermanto, R.J & Ahmad, I. (1993). Groundwater nitrate in East Java, Indonesia. Aust Geol Surv Org J, Aust Geol Geophys. 14 : 273–27

WHO. (2003). Nitrate and nitrite in drinking water. Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, World Health Organization, Geneva.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.43420

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3994 | views : 3030

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2019 Muryanto Muryanto

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Accredited Journal, Based on Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia Number 225/E/KPT/2022, Vol 54 No 1 the Year 2022 - Vol 58 No 2 the Year 2026 (accreditation certificate download)

ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)

Web
Analytics IJG STATISTIC