Empowering community health volunteer on community-based tuberculosis case management programs in lower-income countries: A systematic review

https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.47148

Muhamad Jauhar(1*), I Gusti Ayu Putu Desy Rohana(2), Utami Rachmawati(3), Lita Heni Kusumawardani(4), Rasdiyanah Rasdiyanah(5)

(1) Nursing Department, Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health, Semarang, Indonesia
(2) Primary Health Services Department, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, Indonesia
(3) Community Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
(4) Nursing Departement, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
(5) Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alauddin State Islamic University, Makassar, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Globally, almost 40% of tuberculosis clients are undiagnosed and delayed treatment. This condition leads to disease transmission and increasing new cases. Healthcare workers and community health volunteers as an active case finding frontliner and case manager in the community. The elevated numbers of new case findings and comprehensive management of diseases are the successful indicators of the tuberculosis prevention program. This study identified research articles related to community health volunteer empowerment in tuberculosis case management. Literature study of 20 articles from journal database, such as: Science Direct, Proquest, Scopus, and EBSCO for the last 5 years. It used keywords tuberculosis, community volunteer or empowerment, community-based early case finding. Data were analyzed in tables consist of title, author, year, methodology, result, and recommendation. The empowerment of the community health volunteers was effective in increasing tuberculosis case finding, especially in the border areas, remote areas and rural area. The existence of the community health volunteers brought tuberculosis services closer to the community and able to minimize barriers of health access and costs. Increasing the capacity of the community health volunteers is needed to support their role. Community health volunteers with a history of tuberculosis or from a family with tuberculosis are more acceptable in the community so the success of case finding and treatment is achieved. Community health volunteers worked through home visits were able to change community’s perspectives, promote the formation of health seeking behavior and minimize public-stigma. The empowerment of the community health volunteers is essentially needed as the alternative strategies to find new cases in the community and strengthen its management. There need to provide a wholesome moral and material support from the government for the community health volunteers. This can be integrated into the management of tuberculosis programs in primary health care facilities.


Keywords


community empowerment; health volunteers; tuberculosis case management

Full Text:

PDF


References

1. World Health Organization (WHO). World Health Statistics 2015. 2015. www.who.int.

2. Tong H Van, Velavan TP, Thye T, Meyer CG. Human genetic factors in tuberculosis : an update. 2017;22(9):1063–71.

3. Third WHO. World Health Organization . Invest to overcome Glob impact NTDs Rep neglected Trop Dis. 2015;(Gambar 1):1–12.

4. Kemenkes RI. Kesehatan dalam Kerangka Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Rakorpop Kementeri Kesehat RI [Internet]. 2015;(97):24. Available from: http://www.pusat2.litbang.depkes.go.id/pusat2_v1/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/SDGs-Ditjen-BGKIA.pdf

5.Emani S, Thomas R, Shah R, Mehta DS. Application of transtheoretical model to assess the compliance of chronic periodontitis patients to periodontal therapy. 2016;

6.Yakpermas-banyumas A. Journal Keperawatan Dan Kesehatan DALAM PERAWATAN TB PARU MELALUI PAKET PENDIDIKAN. 2016;(1):1–10.

7. Mpagama SG, Mbelele PM, Chongolo AM, Lekule IA, Lyimo JJ, Kibiki GS, et al. Gridlock from diagnosis to treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Tanzania : low accessibility of molecular diagnostic services and lack of healthcare worker empowerment in 28 districts of 5 high burden TB regions with mixed methods evaluation. BMC Public Health. 2019;1–12.

8. Amenuvegbe GK, Francis A, Fred B. Low tuberculosis case detection : a community and health facility based study of contributory factors in the Nkwanta South district of Ghana. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9: 330.

9. Soe KT, Saw S, Griensven J Van, Zhou S, Win L, Chinnakali P, et al. International non-governmental organizations ’ provision of community- based tuberculosis care for hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar , 2013 – 2014. Infectious Diseases of Poverty; 2017;1–8.

10. Han WW, Saw S, Isaakidis P, Khogali M, Reid A, Hoa N, et al. Different challenges , different approaches and related expenditures of community- based tuberculosis activities by international non-governmental organizations in Myanmar. Infectious Diseases of Poverty; 2017;1–9.

11. Lorent N, Choun K, Thai S, Kim T, Huy S, Pe R, et al. Community-Based Active Tuberculosis Case Finding in Poor Urban Settlements of Phnom Penh , Cambodia : A Feasible and Effective Strategy. 2014;9(3):1–12.

12. Dewi C, Barclay L, Passey M, Wilson S. Improving knowledge and behaviours related to the cause , transmission and prevention of Tuberculosis and early case detection : a descriptive study of community led Tuberculosis program in Flores , Indonesia. BMC Public Health [Internet]. BMC Public Health; 2016;1–13.

13. James R, Khim K, Boudarene L, Yoong J, Phalla C, Saint S, et al. Tuberculosis active case finding in Cambodia : a pragmatic , cost-effectiveness comparison of three implementation models. BMC Infectious Diseases; 2017;1–8.

14. Wai PP, Shewade HD, Thu N, Kyaw T, Thein S, Si A, et al. Community-based MDR-TB care project improves treatment initiation in patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in Myanmar.PloS One. 2018;29:1-15.

15. Okeyo I, Dowse R. Community care worker perceptions of their roles in tuberculosis care and their information needs. Health SA Gesondheid. 2016;21:245-252.

16. André E, Rusumba O, Evans CA, Ngongo P, Sanduku P, Elvis M, et al. Patient-led active tuberculosis case-finding in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bull World Health Organ 2018;96(8):522–30.

17. Zhang H, Ehiri J, Yang H, Tang S, Li Y. Impact of Community-Based DOT on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):1–20.

18. Vries DH De, Pool R. The Influence of Community Health Resources on Effectiveness and Sustainability of Community and Lay Health Worker Programs in Lower-Income Countries : A Systematic Review. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):1–29.

19. Adejumo AO, Azuogu B, Okorie O, Lawal OM, Onazi OJ, Gidado M, et al. Community referral for presumptive TB in Nigeria : a comparison of four models of active case finding. BMC Public Health [Internet]. BMC Public Health; 2016;1–10.

20. Datiko DG, Yassin MA, Tulloch O, Asnake G, Tesema T, Jamal H, et al. Exploring providers ’ perspectives of a community based TB approach in Southern Ethiopia : implication for community based approaches. BMC Health Services Research; 2015;1–9.

21. Choowong J, Tillgren P, Söderbäck M. Thai district Leaders ’ perceptions of managing the direct observation treatment program in Trang Province , Thailand. BMC Public Health; 2016;1–10.

22. Myet H, Maung W, Saw S, Isaakidis P, Khogali M, Reid A, et al. The contribution of a non-governmental organisation’s Community Based Tuberculosis Care Programme to case finding in Myanmar: trend over time. Infectious Diseases of Poverty; 2017;1–6.

23. Islam S, Harries AD, Malhotra S, Zaman K, Husain A. Training of community healthcare providers and TB case detection in Bangladesh. Int Health. 2013;(June):223–7.

24. Samal J, Dehury R. Assessing the Impact of a Structured Tuberculosis Training Activity on the Knowledge and Attitude of Community Volunteers. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2018;(October):13–7.

25. Barker RD, Millard FJC, Nthangeni ME. Unpaid Community Providers of Directly Observed Therapy ( DOT ) In Rural South Africa. South African Medical Journal. 2002; 92(4):291-4

26. Tuot S, Kuo A, Teo J, Cazabon D, Sok S, Ung M, et al. Acceptability of active case finding with a seed-and-recruit model to improve tuberculosis case detection and linkage to treatment in Cambodia : a qualitative study. PLoS One. 2019;(July):1-14.

27. Balogun M, Sekoni A, Meloni ST, Odukoya O, Onajole A. Trained Community Volunteers Improve Tuberculosis Knowledge and Attitudes Among Adults in a Periurban Community in Southwest Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;92(3):625–32.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.47148

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4499 | views : 3085

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Muhamad Jauhar

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.