* Corresponding Author
Haematological Profile and Serum Biochemistry of Juvenile Clarias gariepinus as Biomarkers of Textile Wastewater Toxicity
https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.81962 Abiola Durojaiye(1*), Teslim Asafe Ojetayo(2), Helen Oluwaseun Adedeji(3)
(1) Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
(2) Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
(3) Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Pollution is a global problem with hazardous consequences especially on the biotic components of the aquatic ecosystem. Blood is a useful tool in diagnosing the health condition of fish. Hence, the aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of textile wastewater on fish blood. Fish were exposed to varying concentrations of textile wastewater for 96 hours. There were four treatments including the control and others containing 0.0005 ppm, 0.002 ppm and 0.035 ppm of textile wastewater per every 35 litres of freshwater. Each treatment had one replicate with 5 fish stocked in each replicate. The textile effluent significantly reduced (p<0.05) red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), and white blood cell (WBC) in the other treatments compared to the control. However, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not statistically different (p>0.05) from the control. There was a significant reduction in the value of serum metabolites (total protein, globulin, glucose) of juvenile C. gariepinus after exposure to textile effluent (p<0.05). Urea, albumin, and cholesterol increased significantly (p<0.05). However, creatinine did not follow any specific trend across the treatments. The activities of Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alkaline transaminase (ALT) were significantly higher in the exposed fish compared to the control (p<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) recorded a significantly higher value in the control compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of both Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) of fish exposed to textile effluent (p>0.05). The result revealed that the textile wastewater adversely affected the blood components of the exposed fish. It can be concluded that the presence of textile wastewater in aquatic environments could induce stress and consequently deteriorate the health of aquatic organisms.
Keywords
References
Abbas, A.R., D. Baldwin, Y. Ma, W. Ouyang, A. Gurney, F. Martin, F. Song, M.V.L. Campagne. P. Godowski, P.M. Williams, A.C. Chan & H.F. Clarck. 2005. Immune response in silico (IRIS): Immune-specific genes identified from a compendium of microarray expression data. Genes and Immunity. 6 (4): 319-331. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364173
Ahmad, M.H. 2008. Response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, to different dietary protein and lipid levels in practical diets. J World Aquac Soc. 39: 541-548. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00178.x
Aldrin, J.L. 1982. On the analysis of urea in urine for fish health purposes. Aquaculture. 1 (38): 788-90.
Ashraf, W. 2005. Accumulation of heavy metals in kidney and heart tissues of Epinephelus microdon fish from the Arabian Gulf. Environ Monit Assess. 101: 311-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-0298-4
Azmat, R & F. Bibi. 2013. Impact of textile waste water on fingerlings of fresh water reservoir. Asian Journal of Chemstry. 25 (16): 9341-9344. https://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.15534
Barange, M., J.G. Field, R.P. Harris, E. Eileen, E.E. Hofmann, R.I. Perry & F. Werner. 2010. Marine ecosystems and global change. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 464 p.
Barham, D & P. Trinder. 1972. Serum glucose concentration analysis. Analyst. 97: 137-142.
Bhatkar, N.V & R.R. Dhande. 2000. Furadan induced haematological changes in the fresh water fish, Labeo rohita. Journal of Ecotoxiccol Environ Monit 10 (3): 84-88. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20013008829
Campbell, T.W. 2004. Haematology of lower vertebrates. In: 55thAnnual meeting of the American College of Veterinary Effect of storage time on haematological parameters in mullet. Biochem. Eng. J. 60: 708-800.
Cao, X & W. Wang. 2010. Haematological and biochemical characteristics of two aquacultured carnivorous cyprinids, topmouth culter Culter alburnus (Basilewsky) and yellowcheek carp Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson). 41 (9): 1331-1338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02421.x
Censi, P., S.E. Spoto, F. Saiano, M. Sprovieri, S. Mazzola, G. Nardone, S.I. Di Geronimo, R. Punturo & D. Ottonello. 2006/ Heavy metals in coastal water systems: A case study from the northwestern Gulf of Thailand. Chemosphere. 64 (7): 1167-1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.008
Chen, Y-X., L-Y. Xiao, T-M. Yan, H-T. Zhao, S-J. Shen & D-G. Zhou. 2009. Haematology of wild and cultured schizothoracin fishes. Actahydro biological Sinica. 33 (5): 905-910. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20123008661
Das, P.C. S. Ayyappan, B.K. Das & J.K. Jena. 2004. Nitrite toxicity in Indian major carps: Sublethal effect on selected enzymes in fingerlings of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigal. Comparative Biochemistry and physiology. 138 (1): 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2004.03.010
Diwan, A.D. 2005. Current progress in shrimp endocrinology a review. Indian Journal Experimental Biology. 43 (3): 209-223. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15816407/
Eriegha, O.J., B.O. Omitoyin & E.K. Ajani. 2017. Evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus after exposure to water soluble fractions of crude oil. Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan Authors. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 21 (6): 1041-1045. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v21i6.7
FAO. 2012. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 3 -52pp. http://www.fao.org
FAO. 2022. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022 (SOFIA). Towards Blue Transformation. https://www.fao.org/publications/home
Fazio, F., C. Faggio, S. Marafioti, A. Torre, M. Sanfilippo & G. Piccione. 2013. Feeding condition and water quality of fish in Gobiusniger. Natural Rerum. 20:322-350.
Gabriel, U.U., O.A. Akinrotimi & F. Eseimokumo. 2011. Haematological responses of wild Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after acclimation to captivity, J. Biol. Sci. 4 (4): 225-230. https://search.emarefa.net/en/detail/BIM-272439-haematological-responses-of-wild-nile-tilapia-oreochromis-ni
Galadima, A., Z.N. Garba, L. Leke, M.N. Almustapha & I.K. Adam. 2011. Domestic water pollution among local communities in Nigeria, causes and consequences. European Journal of Scientific Research. 52 (4):592-603.
Ghaly, A.E., R. Ananthashankar, M. Alhattab & V.V. Ramakrishnan. 2014. production, characterization and treatment of textile effluents: A critical review. Journal of chemical engineering and process technology. 5 (1): 5-11. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7048.1000182
Giridhar, P., S.R.K. Neeraja & P. Indira. 2015. Effect of organophosphorus Nuvan on some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Int. J. Pharma. Sci. Rev. Res. 31 (2): 80-84.
Goel, K.A & G. Kalpana. 1985. Haematological characteristics of Heteropneustes fossilis under the stress of zinc. Indian. J. Fish. 36 (2): 256-259. https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJF/article/view/11640
Hazelton, P.D., W.G. Cope, S. Mosher, T.J. Pandolfo, J.B. Belden, M.C. Barnhart & R.B. Bringolf. 2013. Fluoxetine alters adult freshwater mussel behavior and larval metamorphosis. Science of the total Environment. 50: 445-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.026
Hendricks, L.J. 1952. Erythrocyte counts and hemaglobin determinations for two species of suckers, genus Catostomus, from Colorado. Copeia. 4: 265-666. https://doi.org/10.2307/1439274
Hesser, E.F. 1960. Methods for routine fish haematology. Prog Fish Cult. 22 (4): 104-171. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1960)22[164:MFRFH]2.0.CO;2
Kori-Siakpere, O., J.E.G. Ake &E. Idoge. 2005. Haematological characteristics of the African Snakehead, Parachan naobscura. Afri J Biotechnol. 45 (6): 500-780. https://typeset.io/papers/haematological-characteristics-of-the-african-snakehead-3cb7i5fedh
Kumar, S & R.K. Gautam. 2014. Study of biochemical toxicity of nuvan in Channa punctatus (Bloch.). Adv. Res. Agri. Veter. Sci. 1 (1): 31-34.
Lakshmanan, S.A., C. Rajendran & F.O. Sivasubramaniyan. 2013. Studies on impact of dichlorvos on selected haematological parameters of freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). Int. J. Res. Biol. Sci. 3 (1): 28-33.
Mallum, S.S., O.A. Sogbesan & A.B. Haruna. 2016. Acute toxicity of dichlorvos to Oreochromis niloticus and its hematological effects. Int. J. Novel Res. Life Sci. 3 (6): 53-60. https://www.noveltyjournals.com/issue/IJNRLS/Issue-6-November-2016-December-2016
Morgan, J.D & G.K. Iwana. 1997. Measurement of stressed states in the field. In: Iwana G. K., Pickering, A. D., Sumpter, J. P., Schreck, C. B, editor. Fish stress and health in aquaculture, Society of Exploratory Biology Seminar Series. 62: 247-268.
Ogundiran, M.A., O.O. Fawole & S.O. Adewoye. 2007 Effects of soap and detergent effluents on the haematological profiles of Clarias gariepinus. Science focus. 12: 84-88.
Ogundiran, M.A. O.O. Fawole, S.O. Adewoye & T.A. Ayandiran. 2010. Toxicological impact of detergent effluent on Afrcan cat fish Clarias gariepinus juvenile. Agric. Biol. J. North Am., 1 (3): 330-342.
Owa, F. 2013. Water pollution: source, effect, control and management. Mediterranean journal of social science. 4 (8): 65-68. https://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n8p65
Ranzani-Paiva, M., J. Lombardi, F. Maiorino, A. Goncalves & D. Dias. 2014. Hematologia e Histologia de tilápia-do-Nilo exposta a concentrações sub-letais de selenito de sódio (Na2SeO3 Se4+). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca. 40: 23-33
Riba, I., M. Conradi, MJ.M. Forja & T.A. Del-Valls. 2004. Sediment quality in the Guadalquivir estuary: Lethal effects associated with the Aznalcollar mining spill. Mar Pollut Bull. 48 (1-2):144-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00391-6
Samuel, P.O., J.A. Adakole & B. Suleiman. 2017. Histopathological alterations in kidney and liver of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) studied in river Galma, Nigeria. Applied Scientific Reports. 4 (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2054-9903-4-1
Shaw, A.F.B. 1930. A direct method for counting the leucocytes, thrombocytes and erythrocytes of bird’s blood.J Path Bact. 33 (3): 833-835. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1700330326
Stockham, A., M.V.D. Scott, J.H.J. Van Vuren & H.H. Du Preez. 2002. Lethal copper concentration levels for Clarias gariepinus: A preliminary study. Koedoe. 1:1pp
Sukirtha, T.H & M.V. Usharani. 2013. Effects of organophosphates on acute poisoning and acetyl cholinesterase Inhibition in zebra fish. Int. J. Bioass. 2 (3): 575-580. https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2013.03.005
Tak, A.M., F.A. Bhat, U. Jan & G.H. Shah. 2014. Sublethal haematological effects of dichlorvos on the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio var. communis. Int. J. Rec. Sci. Res. 5 (7): 1334-1337.
Tietz, N.W. 1990. Clinical guide to laboratory tests. 2nded. Philadelphia, USA: W. B. Saunders Company. 554-556 p
Vinodhini, R & M. Narayanan. 2009. The impact of toxic heavy metals on the haematological parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 6: 23-28.
Yusuff, R.O & J.A. Sonibare. 2004. Characterization of textile industries’ effluents in Kaduna Nigeria and pollution implications. Global Nest: Int. J. 6 (3): 212-221. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.000284
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.81962
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 17
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada (print ISSN 0853-6384; online ISSN 2502-5066) is published by Department of Fisheries, Universitas Gadjah Mada in collaboration with Semnaskan UGM (Seminar Nasional Tahunan Hasil Perikanan dan Kelautan) and ISMFR (International Symposium on Marine and Fisheries Research).
View My Stats