EMPOWERMENT PERSPECTIVE IN INDONESIAN CULTURE

Diah Retno Wulandari

EMPOWERMENT PERSPECTIVE IN INDONESIAN CULTURE

Diah Retno Wulandari^(1*)

(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to explore empowerment perspectives in Indonesian culture. In particular, it explores which components of empowerment are prevalent and the most important in three Indonesian Universities in Yogyakarta. Data from sixty three academic and administrative staff were collected from surveys and interviews. Five components of empowerment frequently cited in the literature were focused on: authority or control, competence, resources, self efficacy and teamwork. Four dimensions of Hofstede, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity, and collectivism-individualism were used to understand how Indonesian culture influences the practices of empowerment in Indonesian organizations. The results of this study revealed that all components of empowerment are perceived as quite prevalent and amongst the most important for Indonesians. However, the type of job carried out by staff members and their position or level in the organizations influenced the degree of empowerment. It was also interesting to note that some findings contradicted with expectations derived from Hofstede’s four dimensions. Authority was perceived as amongst the most important component despite Indonesia’s high power distance in which power is unequal among team members.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Appelbaum, S.H. & Honeggar, K. (1998). Empowerment: a contrasting overview of organizations in general and nursing in particular – an examination of organizational factors, managerial behaviors, job design, and structural power. Empowerment in organizations, vol. 6 no. 2, pp. 2950.

Babbie, E. (1989). The practice of social research. (5th ed.). California: Wadsworth,Inc.

Bandura, A. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

Boyatzis, R.E. (1982). The competent manager. A model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Brown, A. (1998). Organisational culture. (2nd ed).London: Pitman Publishing.

Byrt, W. (1989). Management education. An international survey. London: Billing & Sons.

Chiles, A.M. & Zorn, T.E. (1995). Empowerment in organisations employees‟ perceptions of the influences on empowerment. Journal of applied communication research, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1-25.

Conger. J.A. & Kanungo, R.N. (1988). The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice. Academic of Management Review, vol. 13, no.3, pp. 471-482.

Clutterbuck, D. (1994). The power of empowerment. Release the hidden talents of your employees.London: Kogan Page.

David, W.L. (1995). School restructuring and downsizing: Using TQM to promote cost effectiveness. TQM Magazine, pp. 11-16.

Donald, J. (1997). Improving the environment for learning. Academic leaders talk about what works. San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publishers.

Draine, C. & Hall, B. (1986). Culture Shock: a guide to customs and Etiquette. Singapore: Time Edition Pte.

Dunung, S.P. (1995), Doing business in Asia. New York: A Division of Simon & Schuster.

Garner, H.G. (1995). Teamwork models and experience in education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Glasman, N. (1997). Environment-based empowerment in managerial training in education. Empowerment in organizations, vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 88-95.

Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations. Software of the mind. Intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. London: McGraw Hill.

Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences. London: Sage.

Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and organizations. Software of the mind. Intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. London: McGraw Hill.

Honold, L. (1997). A review of the literature on employee empowerment. Empowerment in organizations, vol. 5 no. 4, pp. 202-212.

Houtzagers, G. (1999). Empowerment, using skills and competence management. Participation & Empowerment: An International Journal, vol. 7, no.2, pp. 27-32.

James, G. (1996). Test of a model of the organisational antecedents of parent involvement and satisfaction with public education. Human Relations, vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 1549-1571.

Kanter, R.M. (1977), Men and women of the corporation, New York: Basic Books, Inc.

Kotter, J.P. (1979). Power in management. New York: AMACOM.

Logan, L., Harley, W.B.,astor. J., Wing, Li.S., Glasman, N., Hanson, L., Collins, D., Cleary, B.A., Miller, J., & Hegedahl, P. (1996). Observations on the state of empowerment in today’s organization. Empowerment in organizations, vol. 4 no. 1, pp. 6-11.

Long, R.F. (1996). Empowerment – a management style for the millenium? Empowerment in organizations, vol. 4 no. 3, pp. 515.

Lustig, M.W. & Koester, J. (1999), Intercultural competence. Interpersonal communication across cultures. (3th ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

McKenna, S. (1998). Cross-cultural attitudes towards leadership dimensions. Leadership & Organization Development Journal [available], vol. 19 (2), 1-7. Available: http://www.emerald-library.com/brev/ 02219bel.html. [April, 1999).

McLaren, M. (1998). Interpreting cultural differences. The challenge of intercultural communication. Peter Francis: UK.

Neher, J.C. & Natale, S.M. (1997). Empowerment in work and welfare: a comparison between employment issues and human services practices. Empowerment in organizations, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 26-32.

Oshagbemi, T. (1999). Academics and their managers: a comparative study in job satosfaction. Personnel Review, vol. 28 no. 1-2 pp. 108-123.

Pastor, J. (1996). Empowerment: what it is and what it is not. Empowerment in Organizations, vol.4 no. 2, pp. 5-7.

Pearson, C.A.L. & Chatteerjee, S.R. (1996). Implementing empowerment through subunit clusters: A Western Australian case study. Empowerment in Organizations, vol.4 no. 3, pp. 16-25.

Quinn, R.E. & Spreitzer, G.M. (1997). The road to empowerment: seven questions every leader should consider. Organizational Dynamics; New York; vol. 26 no.2, pp. 37-49.

Rehman, S.U. , Majid, S., and Baker, A.B. (1997). Competences for future library professionals of academic libraries in Malaysia. Library Review, vol. 46 no. 6, pp. 381-393.

Robinson, R.D. (1997). The empowerment cookbook. Action plans for creating, sustaining or refocusing empowered work teams. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Rodrigues, C.A. (1998). Cultural classifications of societies and how they affect cross-cultural management. Cross cultural management, vol. 5 no. 3, pp. 29-39.

Rudman, R. (1997). Human Resources Management in New Zealand, (2nd ed.), New Zealand: Longman-Paul.

Ruinn, J.E. (1998). Empowerment brings results. Kuala Lumpur; New Straits Times.

Scott, L.R.M. (1995). Total quality management in education: managing for continous quality improvement in New Zealand Schools. Wellington: Victoria.

Smith, B. (1997). Empowerment-the challenge is now. Empowerment in organizations, vol. 5 no. 3, pp. 120-122.

Smith, A.C. & Mouly, V.S. (1998). Empowerment in New Zealand firms: insights from two case. Empowerment in organizations, vol. 6 no. 3, pp. 69-80.

Sparrow, P. & Wu, P.C. (1998). Does national culture really matter? Predicting HRM preferences of Taiwanese employees. Employee Relations [on line], vol. 20 [1], 1-16. Available: http://www.emeraldlibrary.com/brev/019201b.1.html [April, 1999].

Swenson, D.X. (1997). Requisite conditions for team empowerment. Empowerment in organizations, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 16-25.

Varey, R.J. & Nolan, T. (1996). Implementing teamworking in a higher education setting: a case study. International journal management, vol. 10 no. 5, pp. 4-10.

Wetlaufer, S. (1999). Organising for empowerment: an interview with AES’s Roger Sant and Dennis Bakke. Harvard Business Review, vol. 77 no.1, pp.110-123.

Whitaker, P. (1993). Managing change in schools. Developing teachers and teaching. Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Wickisier, E.L. (1997). The paradox of empowerment-a case study. Empowerment in organizations, vol. 5 no. 4, pp. 213-219.

Yeh, C. & Lin, Y. (1998). The essence of empowerment: a conceptual model and a case illustration. Journal of Applied Management Studies; Abingdon. [on line], vol. 7 (2), 1-11. Available:http:// proquest.umi.com/pqdweb? [April, 1999].

Zorn, T.E. (1991, November). The leadership response model: empowering others to excel. Atlanta [SCA].

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4453 |

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

Journal

Editorial Team
Focus and Scope
Peer Review Process
Publication Ethics
Screening for Plagiarism

Authors

Author Guidelines
Submission Guidelines
Online Submissions
Copyright Notice
Privacy Statement
Author Fees

Download

Author Pack
Submission Form & Manuscript Template

Reviewer

Reviewer Guidelines
Reviewer Acknowledgement

Reader

General Search
Achieves
Author index
Title index

The Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (print ISSN 2085-8272; online ISSN 2338-5847) is published by the Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Visitor Statistics