ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF ACCOUNTING PRODUCT COSTS IN OLIGOPOLISTIC PRICING DECISION



Ainun Na'im(1*)

(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Makalah ini menganalisis masalah proses penentuan harga oleh manajer
dalam pasar oligopolistik. Literatur ekonomi memberikan pendekatan penentuan harga berdasarkan analisis terhadap biaya marginal dan penghasilan marginal (marginal cost and marginal revenue analysis), sementara bukti empirik menunjukkan bahwa manajer cenderung menggunakan pendekatan akuntansi (Govindarajan dan Anthony 1980), i.e., biaya variabel dan biaya penuh (variabel dan full costing). Analisis terhadap informasi sebagai proksi untuk marginal cost dalam proses heuristic penentuan harga. Makalah ini mengembangkan analisis mengenai penggunaan informasi biaya produksi akuntansi telah diteliti dalam struktur pasar monopoli (Lere 1983 dan 1986), dan struktur pasar oligopoli (Dorward 1986). Perbedaan makalah ini dengan makalah Dorward adalah bahwa makalah ini menganalisis proses penentuan harga dengan menggunakan Bertrand's model, sementara Dorward menggunakan Cournout's model Hasil analisis makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa Bertrand's model memberikan hasil yang sama dengan Cournot's model, tetapi Bertrand's model lebih menunjukkan kompleksitas proses penentuan harga dalam dalam pasar oligopoli yang lebih tinggi dibanding dengan proses penentuan harga pada pasar monopoli. Dalam pasar oligopoli manajer tidak cukup hanya memperhatikan fungsi perntintaan dan biayanya sendiri tetapi harus juga memperhatikan fungsi permintaan dan biaya kompetitor, dan aksi dan reaksi kompetitor.

Keywords


Accounting Product, Cost, Oligopolistic, Pricing, Decision

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References

Chan Choi, S., Desarbo, Wayne S., and Barker, Patrick, T., "Product Positioning Under Price Competition", Management Science, vol. 36 issue 2,1990, pp. 175-199. Dickhaut, John W. & Lere, John C., "Comparison of Accounting Systems and Heuristics in Selecting Economic Optima", Journal of Accounting Research, vol. 2 Autumn, 1983, pp. 495-513. Dorward, Neil, "Overhead Allocation and 'Optimal' Pricing Rules of Thumb in Oligopolistic Markets", Accounting and Business Research, Autumn 1986, pp. 309-317. Govindarajan, v. & Anthony, Robert N., "How Firms Use Cost Data for Price Decisions" Management Accounting, July 1983, pp. 30-36. Hilton, Ronald W., Swieringa, Robert ]., and Turner, Martha ]., "Product Pricing, Accounting Costs and Use of Product-Pricing Systems", The Accounting Review, vol Ixiii, No. 2 April 1988, pp. 195-218. Lere, John C, "Product Pricing Based on Accounting Cost", The Accounting Review, vol. Ixi No. 2, April 1986, pp. 319-324. Skinner, R.C., "The Determination of Selling Prices", Journal of Industrial Economics, July 1970, pp. 201-217. Tichlias, Dennis P. & Chalos, Peter, "Product Pricing Behavior Under Different Costing Systems", Accounting and Business Research, vol. 18, No. 71, 1988, pp. 257-265.




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