Risiko Kepunahan Keanekaragaman Hayati di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi: Tinjauan Spasial

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.10189

Hero Marhaento(1*), Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida(2)

(1) Bagian Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Agro No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
(2) Bagian Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Agro No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Gunung Merapi merupakan habitat dari berbagai spesies khas pegunungan Jawa bagian tengah. Namun demikian, tingginya aktivitas vulkanik Gunung Merapi dan besarnya tekanan masyarakat terhadap kawasan menyebabkan keanekaragaman hayati di sekitar kawasan Gunung Merapi berisiko untuk punah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis spasial risiko kepunahan keanekaragaman hayati di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM). Analisis risiko dilakukan dengan mengukur komponen risiko, yaitu: kerawanan, elemen yang berisiko, dan kerentanan. Identifikasi komponen risiko dilakukan dengan melaksanakan grup diskusi terarah dengan staf Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Analisis risiko diukur menggunakan analisis spasial dengan perangkat lunak ArcGIS 10.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi memiliki kawasan dengan tingkat risiko tinggi seluas 2185.6 ha (35,6%), risiko sedang seluas 3910,1 ha (63,6%), dan risiko rendah seluas 49,8 ha (0,8%). Wilayah yang berisiko tinggi berada di wilayah Resort Pengelolaan Taman Nasional (RPTN) Dukun Kabupaten Magelang, RPTN Turi-Pakem Kabupaten Sleman, dan RPTN Kemalang Kabupaten Klaten.

Kata kunci: analisis risiko, keanekaragaman hayati, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi, analisis spasial, vulkanik.

 

Risk of biodiversity extinction in Gunung Merapi National Park : Spatial assession

Abstract

The Mount Merapi (MM) has a unique landscape and becomes the habitat for mountainous species in the central Java, Indonesia. However, high volcanic activities and massive public pressure on its natural resources have increased the risk of biodiversity extinction in the MM. This study aims to assess the spatial risk of biodiversity extinction in the Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). The risk analysis has been done by spatially measuring the risk elements i.e. hazard area, element at risk, and vulnerability rate. A Focus Group Discussion has been done to define and to identify components of each risk element. A spatial analysis using ArcGIS 10.1 has been used to measure the risk. The results showed that MMNP have three levels of risks: high risk level area (2185.6 ha, 35. 6%), moderate risk area (3910.1 ha, 63.6%) and low risk area (49.8 ha, 0.8%). The high risk areas were located in Resort Pengelolaan Taman Nasional (RPTN) Dukun in Magelang Distict, RPTN Turi-Pakem in Sleman District, and RPTN Kemalang in Klaten District.


Keywords


risk analysis; biodiversity; Mount Merapi National Park; spatial analysis; volcanic

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.10189

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